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Long-Term Trends in Tree-Ring Width and Isotope Signatures (δ13C, δ15N) of Fagus sylvatica L. on Soils with Contrasting Water Supply

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Abstract

We investigated long-term responses (since 1850) of Fagus sylvatica (Luxembourg; central Europe) to shifts in temperature, precipitation, and nitrogen deposition by analyzing diameter at breast height (DBH) increment, basal area increment (BAI), and tree-ring stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N). We compared stands on soils with contrasting water supply (Regosols and Cambisols with an available water capacity of ca. 40 and 170 mm, respectively) and of two different age classes (ca. 60 vs. 200 years). All stands showed a peak in DBH increment in the decade 1978–1987, but a decline in increment growth in subsequent decades. In addition, BAI declined in mature stands in the last two decades. Decreasing increment rates were attributable to an increasing drought limitation of stands, mainly induced by increasing temperatures in the last two decades. Contrary to our expectations, stands on Cambisols showed a similar susceptibility to shifts in temperature and precipitation as stands on Regosols, suggesting a strong adaptation of the respective ecotypes grown at dryer sites. This result was in line with long-term trends for tree-ring δ13C signatures, which did not differ significantly between stands on Cambisols and Regosols. Climate impacts on tree-ring δ15N signatures were low. High spring precipitation and temperatures caused increasing and decreasing δ15N values, respectively, but only in mature stands on Cambisols. Stands on Regosols tended to have lower δ15N values than stands on Cambisols. Decreasing δ15N values in recent decades suggest an increasing impact of allochthonous N loads with isotopically lighter N.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Ecology, University of Lüneburg, Scharnhorststr. 1, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany

    Werner Härdtle, Thomas Niemeyer, Thorsten Assmann, Saskia Baiboks, Uta Friedrich, Anne C. Lang, Andreas Schuldt, Natalie Simon & Goddert von Oheimb

  2. Institute of Natural Resource Conservation, University of Kiel, Olshausenstr. 75, 24118, Kiel, Germany

    Andreas Fichtner

  3. DeLaWi Tree Ring Analysis, Preschlinallee 2, 51570, Windeck, Germany

    Burkhard Neuwirth

  4. Centre de Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann, 41, rue du Brill, 4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg

    Laurent Pfister

  5. Musée national d’histoire naturelle, 25 rue Münster, 2160, Luxembourg, Luxembourg

    Christian Ries

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  1. Werner Härdtle
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  2. Thomas Niemeyer
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Correspondence to Werner Härdtle.

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Author Contributions

WH, TN, and GvO conceived of the study and study design, performed parts of the research, analyzed data, and wrote the paper. UF, BN, and LP contributed new methods and models, analyzed data, and contributed to writing of the paper. All other authors performed parts of the research, contributed to data analyses, and to writing of the paper.

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Härdtle, W., Niemeyer, T., Assmann, T. et al. Long-Term Trends in Tree-Ring Width and Isotope Signatures (δ13C, δ15N) of Fagus sylvatica L. on Soils with Contrasting Water Supply. Ecosystems 16, 1413–1428 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-013-9692-x

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