Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-poly(thionine) (PTH) nanostructures were formed on carbon film electrodes (CFE), the polymer film being formed beneath or on top of MWCNT, to give two different sensor architectures, PTH/MWCNT/CFE or MWCNT/PTH/CFE. Characterization of the novel nanostructures was carried out by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The modified electrodes were then used for sensing acetaminophen (ACOP) and dipyrone by differential pulse voltammetry and fixed-potential amperometry independently and simultaneously. Analytical parameters were determined and the results compared with similarly modified electrodes reported in the literature. An interference study as well as recovery measurements in pharmaceutical samples was successfully performed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barsan MM, Ghica ME, Brett CMA (2015) Electrochemical sensors and biosensors based on redox polymer/carbon nanotube modified electrodes: a review. Anal Chim Acta 881:1–23
Xu Y, Zhang X, Wang Y, He P, Fang Y (2010) Enhancement of electrochemical capacitance of carbon nanotubes by polythionine modification. Chin J Chem 28:417–421
Peña RC, Bertotti M, Brett CMA (2011) Methylene blue/multi-wall carbon nanotube modified electrode for the amperometric determination of hydrogen peroxide. Electroanalysis 23:2290–2296
Deng C, Chen J, Nie Z, Yang M, Si S (2012) Electrochemical detection of nitrite based on the polythionine/carbon nanotube modified electrode. Thin Solid Films 520:7026–7029
Balamurugan A, Chen S-M (2010) Electrochemical preparation of composite of poly brilliant cresyl blue (PBCB)-poly 5-amino-2-naphtalenesulfonic acid electrode and electrocatalytic application. J Solid State Electrochem 14:35–41
Zukowski M, Kotfis K (2009) Safety of metamizol and paracetamol for acute pain treatment. Anaesthesiol Intensiv Ther XLI(3):141–145
Caliskan E, Sener M, Kocum A, Ozyilkan NB, Ezer SS, Aribogan A (2013) The efficacy of intravenous paracetamol versus dipyrone for postoperative analgesia after day-case lower abdominal surgery in children with spinal anesthesia: a prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. BMC Anesthesiol 13:34–41
Li Y, Feng S, Li S, Zhang Y, Zhong Y (2014) A high effect polymer-free covalent layer by layer self-assemble carboxylated MWCNTs films modified GCE for the detection of paracetamol. Sensors Actuators B Chem 190:999–1005
Bindewald EH, Bergamini MF, Marcolino Jr LH (2013) Disposable solid-state sensor based on polypyrrole films doped for potentiometric determination of dipyrone in human urine and pharmaceuticals products. Electroanalysis 25:1535–1540
Beitollahi H, Mohadesi A, Mohammadi S, Akbari A (2012) Electrochemical behavior of a carbon paste electrode modified with 5-amino-3′,4′-dimethyl-biphenyl-2-ol/carbon nanotube and its application for simultaneous determination of isoproterenol, acetaminophen and N-acetylcysteine. Electrochim Acta 68:220–226
Olivé-Monllau R, Muñoz-Pascual FX, Baldrich E (2013) Characterization and optimization of carbon nanotube electrodes produced by magnetic entrapment. Application to paracetamol detection. Sensors Actuators B Chem 185:685–693
Martin CS, Teixeira MFS (2012) Electrocatalytic study of an electrode modified with reactive blue 4 dye covalently immobilized on amine-functionalized silica. J Solid State Electrochem 16:3877–3886
Gopu G, Muralidharan B, Vedhi C, Manisankar P (2012) Determination of three analgesics in pharmaceutical and urine sample on nano poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) modified electrode. Ionics 18:231–239
Pauliukaite R, Ghica ME, Fatibello-Filho O, Brett CMA (2010) Graphite-epoxy electrodes modified with functionalised carbon nanotubes and chitosan for the rapid electrochemical determination of dipyrone. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 13:590–598
Hudari FF, Duarte EH, Pereira AC, Dall’Antonia LH, Kubota LT, Tarley CRT (2013) Voltammetric method optimized by multi-response assays for the simultaneous measurements of uric acid and acetaminophen in urine in the presence of surfactant using MWCNT paste electrode. J Electroanal Chem 696:52-58
Keyvanfard M, Shakeri R, Karimi-Maleh H, Alizad K (2013) Highly selective and sensitive voltammetric sensor based on modified multiwall carbon nanotubes paste electrode for simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid, acetaminophen and tryptophan. Mater Sci Eng C 33:811–816
Noviadri I, Rakhmana R (2012) Carbon paste electrode modified with carbon nanotubes and poly (3-aminophenol) for voltammetric determination of paracetamol. Int J Electrochem Sci 7:4479–4487
Beitollahi H, Sheikhshoaie I (2012) Novel nanostructure-based electrochemical sensor for simultaneous determination of dopamine and acetaminophen. Mater Sci Eng C 32:375–380
Ensafi AA, Karimi-Maleh H, Mallakpour S (2012) Simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid, acetaminophen, and tryptophan by square wave voltammetry using N-(3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl)-3,5-dinitrobenzamide-modified carbon nanotubes paste electrode. Electroanalysis 24:666–675
Raoof JB, Baghayeri M, Ojani R (2012) A high sensitive voltammetric sensor for qualitative and quantitative determination of phenobarbital as an antiepileptic drug in presence of acetaminophen. Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces 95:121–128
Shahmiri MR, Bahari A, Karimi-Maleh H, Hosseinzadeh R, Mirnia N (2013) Ethynylferrocene–NiO/MWCNT nanocomposite modified carbon paste electrode as a novel voltammetric sensor for simultaneous determination of glutathione and acetaminophen. Sensors Actuators B Chem 177:70–77
Tsierkezos NG, Othman SH, Ritter U (2014) Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes modified with gold nanoparticles for simultaneous analysis of N-acetylcysteine and acetaminophen. J Solid State Electrochem 18:629–637
Chen X, Zhu J, Yang W (2012) A high performance electrochemical sensor for acetaminophen based on single-walled carbon nanotube–graphene nanosheet hybrid films. Sensors Actuators B Chem 161:648–654
Raoof JB, Chekin F, Ojani R, Barari S, Anbia M, Mandegarzad S (2012) Synthesis and characterization of ordered mesoporous carbon as electrocatalyst for simultaneous determination of epinephrine and acetaminophen. J Solid State Electrochem 16:3753–3760
Mai N, Liu X, Zeng X, Xing L, Wei W, Luo S (2010) Electrocatalytic oxidation of the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide at carbon ionic liquid electrode modified with polythionine/multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite. Microchim Acta 168:215–220
Rather JA, Pilehvar S, de Wael K (2013) A biosensor fabricated by incorporation of a redox mediator into a carbon nanotube/nafion composite for tyrosinase immobilization: detection of matairesinol, an endocrine disruptor. Analyst 138:204–210
Liu H, Wang G, Hu J, Chen D, Zhang W, Fang B (2008) Electrocatalysis and determination of uracil on polythionine/multiwall carbon nanotubes modified electrode. J Appl Polym Sci 107:3173–3178
Li G, Miao P (2013) Theoretical background of electrochemical analysis. In: Electrochemical analysis of proteins and cells. SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science Springer: New York (pp. 5-18).
De Luca S, Florescu M, Ghica ME, Lupu A, Palleschi G, Brett CMA, Compagnone D (2005) Carbon film electrodes for oxidase-based enzyme sensors in food analysis. Talanta 68:171–178
Brett CMA, Angnes L, Liess H-D (2001) Carbon film resistors as electrodes: voltammetric properties and application in electroanalysis. Electroanalysis 13:765–769
Gouveia-Caridade C, Pauliukaite R, Brett CMA (2008) Development of electrochemical oxidase biosensors based on carbon nanotube-modified carbon film electrodes for glucose and ethanol. Electrochim Acta 53:6732–6739
Tchoul MN, Ford WT, Lolli G, Resasco DE, Arepalli S (2007) Effect of mild nitric acid oxidation on dispersability, size, and structure of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Chem Mater 19:5765–5772
Ghica ME, Brett CMA (2014) Poly(brilliant green) and poly(thionine) modified carbon nanotube coated carbon film electrodes for glucose and uric acid biosensors. Talanta 130:198–206
Ghica ME, Brett CMA (2010) The influence of carbon nanotubes and polyazine redox mediators on the performance of amperometric enzyme biosensors. Microchim Acta 170:257–265
Barsan MM, Pinto EM, Brett CMA (2008) Electrosynthesis and electrochemical characterisation of phenazine polymers for application in biosensors. Electrochim Acta 53:3973–3982
Barsan MM, Toledo CT, Brett CMA (2015) New electrode architectures based on poly(methylene green) and functionalized carbon nanotubes: characterization and application to detection of acetaminophen and pyridoxine. J Electroanal Chem 736:8–15
Gouveia-Caridade C, Soares D-M, Liess H-D, Brett CMA (2008) Electrochemical, morphological and microstructural characterization of carbon film resistor electrodes for application in electrochemical sensors. Appl Surf Sci 254:6380–6389
Zheng M, Gao F, Wang Q, Cai X, Jiang S, Huang L, Gao F (2013) Electrocatalytic oxidation and sensitive determination of acetaminophen on glassy carbon electrode modified with graphene-chitosan composite. Mater Sci Eng C 33:1514–1520
Goyal RN, Gupta VK, Chatterjee S (2010) Voltammetric biosensors for the determination of paracetamol at carbon nanotube modified pyrolytic graphite electrode. Sensors Actuators B Chem 149:252–258
Kang X, Wang J, Wu H, Liu J, Aksay IA, Lin Y (2010) A graphene-based electrochemical sensor for sensitive detection of paracetamol. Talanta 81:754–759
Manjunatha R, Nagaraju DH, Suresh GS, Melo JS, D’Souza SF, Venkatesha TV (2011) Electrochemical detection of acetaminophen on the functionalized MWCNTs modified electrode using layer-by-layer technique. Electrochim Acta 56:6619–6627
Gowda JI, Nandibewoor ST (2012) Electrochemical behavior of 4-aminophenazone drug at a graphite pencil electrode and its application in real samples. Ind Eng Chem Res 51:15936–15941
Gopu G, Manisankar P, Muralidharan B, Vedhi C (2011) Stripping voltammetric determination of analgesics in their pharmaceuticals using nano-riboflavin-modified glassy carbon electrode. Int J Electrochem ID 269452:1-11
Acknowledgments
Financial support from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal PTDC/QUI-QUI/116091/2009, POCH, POFC-QREN (co-financed by FSE and European Community FEDER funds and CEMUC® (Research Unit 285), Portugal, through the programme COMPETE—Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade under the projects PEst-C/EME/UI0285/2013) and CENTRO-07-0224-FEDER-002001 (MT4MOBI)) is gratefully acknowledged. M.E.G. thanks FCT for postdoctoral fellowship SFRH/BPD/36930/2007, and G.M.F. thanks the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, CNPq-Brazil, for a grant under the programme “Ciência sem Fronteiras”.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ghica, M.E., Ferreira, G.M. & Brett, C.M.A. Poly(thionine)-carbon nanotube modified carbon film electrodes and application to the simultaneous determination of acetaminophen and dipyrone. J Solid State Electrochem 19, 2869–2881 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-015-2926-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-015-2926-4