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Reference values for hand grip strength, muscle mass, walking time, and one-leg standing time as indices for locomotive syndrome and associated disability: the second survey of the ROAD study

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Journal of Orthopaedic Science

Abstract

Background

We established reference values for hand grip strength, muscle mass, walking time, and one-leg standing time as indices reflecting components of locomotive syndrome and associated disability using a large-scale population-based sample from the second survey of the Research on Osteoarthritis/Osteoporosis Against Disability (ROAD) cohort.

Methods

We measured the above-mentioned indices in 2,468 individuals ≥40 years old (826 men, 1,642 women; mean age 71.8 years) during the second visit of the ROAD study. Disability was defined as certified disability according to the long-term care insurance system through public health centres of each municipality.

Results

Mean values for hand grip strength (weaker side), muscle mass of the thighs, walking time for 6 m at the usual pace, and the fastest pace for men were 32.7 kg, 7.0 kg, 5.6 s, and 3.7 s, respectively, and those for women were 20.8 kg, 5.2 kg, 5.9 s, and 4.1 s, respectively. The median values for one-leg standing time (weaker side) were 14 s for men and 12 s for women. The prevalence of disability in men aged 65–69, 70–74, 75–79, and ≥80 was 0.0, 1.0, 6.3, and 8.8%, respectively, and in women was 3.4, 3.5, 9.2, and 14.7%, respectively. There were significant associations between the presence of disability and walking time for 6 m at the usual pace and at the fastest pace, and between the presence of disability and walking speed.

Conclusions

We established reference values for indices reflecting components of locomotive syndrome, and identified significant associations between walking ability and disability.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research B20390182 (Noriko Yoshimura), C20591737 (Toru Akune), and C20591774 (Shigeyuki Muraki); for Young Scientists A18689031 (Hiroyuki Oka); and Collaborating Research with NSF 08033011-00262 (Director, Noriko Yoshimura) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology; it was also supported by grants H17-Men-eki-009 (Director, Kozo Nakamura), H18-Choujyu-037 (Director, Toshitaka Nakamura), and H20-Choujyu-009 (Director, Noriko Yoshimura), H23-Choujyu-002 (Director, Toru Akune) from the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare of Japan. Further, this study was supported by grants from the Japan Osteoporosis Society (Noriko Yoshimura), Nakatomi Foundation (Noriko Yoshimura), and research aid from the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA-Subsidized Science Project Research 2006-1, 2010-2, Director, Hiroshi Kawaguchi). The authors wish to thank Mrs. Tomoko Takijiri, Mrs. Kumiko Shinou, Mrs. Rie Takiguchi, Mrs. Kyoko Maeda, Ms. Ikuyo Ueyama, Mrs. Michiko Mori, Mrs. Hisayo Sugimoto, and other members of the public office in Hidakagawa Town; and Mrs. Tamako Tsutsumi, Mrs. Kanami Maeda, Mr. Shoichi Shimoichi, Mrs. Megumi Takino, Mrs. Shuko Okada, Mrs. Kazuyo Setoh, Mrs. Chise Ryouno, Mrs. Miki Shimosaki, Mrs. Chika Yamaguchi, Mrs. Yuki Shimoji, and other members of the public office in Taiji Town for their assistance in locating and scheduling participants for examination. We also thank Ms. Kyoko Yoshimura, Mrs. Toki Sakurai, and Mrs. Saeko Sahara for their assistance in data reduction and administration.

Conflict of interest

No conflict of interest has been declared by the authors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Joint Disease Research, 22nd Century Medical and Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan

    Noriko Yoshimura & Hiroyuki Oka

  2. Department of Clinical Motor System Medicine, 22nd Century Medical and Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Shigeyuki Muraki & Toru Akune

  3. Kawakami Clinic, Hidakagawa-cho, Wakayama, Japan

    Naoki Hirabayashi

  4. Iwade Public Health Center, Wakayama, Japan

    Shinji Matsuda

  5. Gobo Public Health Center, Wakayama, Japan

    Takako Nojiri & Kazuhiro Hatanaka

  6. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan

    Yuyu Ishimoto, Keiji Nagata & Munehito Yoshida

  7. Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan

    Fumiaki Tokimura

  8. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Hiroshi Kawaguchi

  9. National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Saitama, Japan

    Kozo Nakamura

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  1. Noriko Yoshimura
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Noriko Yoshimura.

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Yoshimura, N., Oka, H., Muraki, S. et al. Reference values for hand grip strength, muscle mass, walking time, and one-leg standing time as indices for locomotive syndrome and associated disability: the second survey of the ROAD study. J Orthop Sci 16, 768–777 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00776-011-0160-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00776-011-0160-1

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