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Functional mononuclear molybdenum enzymes: challenges and triumphs in molecular cloning, expression, and isolation

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Abstract

Mononuclear molybdenum enzymes catalyze a variety of reactions that are essential in the cycling of nitrogen, carbon, arsenic, and sulfur. For decades, the structure and function of these crucial enzymes have been investigated to develop a fundamental knowledge for this vast family of enzymes and the chemistries they carry out. Therefore, obtaining abundant quantities of active enzyme is necessary for exploring this family’s biochemical capability. This mini-review summarizes the methods for overexpressing mononuclear molybdenum enzymes in the context of the challenges encountered in the process. Effective methods for molybdenum cofactor synthesis and incorporation, optimization of expression conditions, improving isolation of active vs. inactive enzyme, incorporation of additional prosthetic groups, and inclusion of redox enzyme maturation protein chaperones are discussed in relation to the current molybdenum enzyme literature. This article summarizes the heterologous and homologous expression studies providing underlying patterns and potential future directions.

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Acknowledgements

We thank all our former/present collaborators and coworkers in this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N Blackford St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA

    Breeanna Mintmier & Partha Basu

  2. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Samih Nassif

  3. Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    John F. Stolz

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  1. Breeanna Mintmier
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  2. Samih Nassif
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  4. Partha Basu
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Mintmier, B., Nassif, S., Stolz, J.F. et al. Functional mononuclear molybdenum enzymes: challenges and triumphs in molecular cloning, expression, and isolation. J Biol Inorg Chem 25, 547–569 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00775-020-01787-y

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