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IL-34 and CSF-1: similarities and differences

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Abstract

Colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) is widely expressed and considered to regulate the development, maintenance, and function of mononuclear phagocyte lineage cells such as monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), Langerhans cells (LCs), microglia, and osteoclasts. Interleukin-34 (IL-34) was recently identified as an alternative ligand for the CSF-1 receptor (CSF-1R) through functional proteomics experiments. It is well established that the phenotype of CSF-1R-deficient (CSF-1R−/−) mice is more severe than that of mice bearing a spontaneous null mutation in CSF-1 (CSF-1op/op). CSF-1R−/− mice are severely depleted of macrophages and completely lack LCs, microglia, and osteoclasts during their lifetime. In contrast, CSF-1op/op mice exhibit late-onset macrophage development and osteoclastogenesis, whereas they show modestly reduced numbers of microglia and a relatively normal LC development. In contrast, IL-34-deficient (IL-34−/−) mice show a marked reduction of LCs and a decrease in microglia. IL-34 and CSF-1 display different spatiotemporal expression patterns and have distinct biological functions. In this review, we focus on the functional similarities and differences between IL-34 and CSF-1 in vivo.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Takashi Nakamura (Keio University) for providing us with generous assistance and valuable information in the preparation of this manuscript.

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The authors have no conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Hiro-oka Gobara, Shiojiri, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan

    Yuko Nakamichi & Naoyuki Takahashi

  2. Department of Biochemistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan

    Nobuyuki Udagawa

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  1. Yuko Nakamichi
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Correspondence to Yuko Nakamichi.

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Nakamichi, Y., Udagawa, N. & Takahashi, N. IL-34 and CSF-1: similarities and differences. J Bone Miner Metab 31, 486–495 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774-013-0476-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774-013-0476-3

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