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Overexpression of plastidic maize NADP-malate dehydrogenase (ZmNADP-MDH) in Arabidopsis thaliana confers tolerance to salt stress

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Abstract

The plastidic C4 Zea mays NADP-malate dehydrogenase (ZmNADP-MDH), responsible for catalysis of oxaloacetate to malate, was overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana to assess its impact on photosynthesis and tolerance to salinity stress. Different transgenic lines were produced having ~3–6-fold higher MDH protein abundance and NADP-MDH enzyme activity than vector control. The overexpressors had similar chlorophyll, carotenoid, and protein content as that of vector control. Their photosynthetic electron transport rates, carbon assimilation rate, and consequently fresh weight and dry weight were almost similar. However, these overexpressors were tolerant to salt stress (150 mM NaCl). In saline environment, the Fv/Fm ratio, yield of photosystem II, chlorophyll, and protein content were higher in ZmNADP-MDH overexpressor than vector control. Under identical conditions, the generation of reactive oxygen species (H2O2) and production of malondialdehyde, a membrane lipid peroxidation product, were lower in overexpressors. In stress environment, the structural distortion of granal organization and swelling of thylakoids were less pronounced in ZmNADP-MDH overexpressing plants as compared to the vector control. Chloroplastic NADP-MDH in consort with cytosolic and mitochondrial NAD-MDH plays an important role in exporting reducing power (NADPH) and exchange of metabolites between different cellular compartments that maintain the redox homeostasis of the cell via malate valve present in chloroplast envelope membrane. The tolerance of NADP-MDH overexpressors to salt stress could be due to operation of an efficient malate valve that plays a major role in maintaining the cellular redox environment.

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Abbreviations

CaMV:

Cauliflower mosaic virus

Chl:

Chlorophyll

ETRII:

Electron transport rate of PSII

Fm:

Maximum Chl fluorescence

Fo:

Minimum Chl fluorescence

Fv:

Variable Chl fluorescence (Fm − Fo)

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

MDH:

Malate dehydrogenase

MS medium:

Murashige and Skoog medium

NPQ:

Non-photochemical quenching of Chl a fluorescence

nptII:

Neomycin phosphotransferase (kanamycin resistance gene)

OAA:

Oxaloacetic acid

PEP:

Phosphoenolpyruvate

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

RuBisCO:

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase

VC:

Vector control

WUE:

Water use efficiency

фPSII:

Effective PSII quantum yield

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Agriculture Innovation Project (grant no. PAC-SLS-BCT-NAIP-09080312-371) from the Indian Council of Agricultural Research and J C Bose Fellowship from the Department of Science and Technology (DST) to the PI (BCT). The financial assistance from the University Grants Commission (UGC-NRC), DST-PURSE, and DST-FIST programs sanctioned to the School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi is gratefully acknowledged.

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  1. School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India

    Deepika Kandoi & Baishnab C. Tripathy

  2. School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India

    Deepika Kandoi & Sasmita Mohanty

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  1. Deepika Kandoi
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Kandoi, D., Mohanty, S. & Tripathy, B.C. Overexpression of plastidic maize NADP-malate dehydrogenase (ZmNADP-MDH) in Arabidopsis thaliana confers tolerance to salt stress. Protoplasma 255, 547–563 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-017-1168-y

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