Summary.
The mature apomictic embryo sac of Chondrilla juncea is highly vacuolated and demonstrates a polarization similar to that of the amphimictic gametophyte. The microtubule cytoskeleton of this embryo sac is uncharacteristic and relatively weak. The microtubules are positioned along cell walls and resemble cortical microtubules of somatic cells. They do not form the parallel, brushlike structures observed around the filiform apparatus of synergids in the amphimictic embryo sac. In the apomictic embryo sac, the microtubules of both the egg cell and the central cell develop a cortical-like structure, which is entirely different from the radial arrangement observed around the nuclei in the amphimictic embryo sac.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J Azimzadeh J Traas M Pastuglia (2001) ArticleTitleMolecular aspects of microtubule dynamics in plants Curr Opin Cell Biol 4 513–519 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXnsF2mtr4%3D
J Bednara MTM Willemse AAM Van Lammeren (1990) ArticleTitleOrganization of the actin cytoskeleton during megasporogenesis in Gasteria verrucosa visualized with fluorescent-labelled phalloidin Acta Bot Neerl 39 43–48
G Cai M Cresti (1999) ArticleTitleRethinking cytoskeleton in plant reproduction: toward a biotechnological future? Sex Plant Reprod 12 67–70 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s004970050173
DD Cass (1972) ArticleTitleOccurrence and development of a filiform apparatus in the egg of Plumbago capensis Am J Bot 59 279–283 Occurrence Handle10.2307/2441429
DD Cass I Karas (1974) ArticleTitleUltrastructural organization of the egg of Plumbago zeylanica Protoplasma 81 49–62 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:CSqD3MbntV0%3D Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF02055773 Occurrence Handle4472523
Y Fu M Yuan BQ Huang HY Yang SY Zee TP O’Brien (2000) ArticleTitleChanges in actin organization in the living egg apparatus of Torenia fournieri during fertilization Sex Plant Reprod 12 315–322 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXmtlSkt7o%3D Occurrence Handle10.1007/s004970000026
BL Goode DG Drubin G Barnes (2000) ArticleTitleFunctional cooperation between the microtubule and actin cytoskeletons Curr Opin Cell Biol 12 63–71 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXhsVOjtr8%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0955-0674(99)00058-7 Occurrence Handle10679357
GG Gundersen TA Cook (1999) ArticleTitleMicrotubules and signal transduction Curr Opin Cell Biol 11 81–94 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXhsFSnur0%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0955-0674(99)80010-6 Occurrence Handle10047525
T Higashiyama (2002) ArticleTitleThe synergid cell: attractor and acceptor of the pollen tube for double fertilization J Plant Res 115 149–160 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s102650200020 Occurrence Handle12884138
CJ Hogan (1987) ArticleTitleMicrotubule patterns during meiosis in two higher plant species Protoplasma 138 125–135 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF01281021
BQ Huang SD Russell (1994) ArticleTitleFertilization in Nicotiana tabacum: cytoskeletal modifications in the embryo sac during synergid degeneration Planta 194 200–214 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXksFCjurs%3D Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF01101679
BQ Huang WF Sheridan (1994) ArticleTitleFemale gametophyte development in maize: microtubular organization and embryo sac polarity Plant Cell 6 845–861 Occurrence Handle10.1105/tpc.6.6.845 Occurrence Handle12244261
BQ Huang ES Pierson SD Russell A Tiezzi M Cresti (1993) ArticleTitleCytoskeletal organization and modification during pollen tube arrival, gamete delivery and fertilization in Plumbago zeylanica Zygote 1 143–154 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:ByuA28zjtFQ%3D Occurrence Handle8081810 Occurrence Handle10.1017/S0967199400001404
J Janson MTM Willemse (1995) ArticleTitlePollen tube penetration and fertilization in Lilium longiflorum (Liliaceae) Am J Bot 82 186–196 Occurrence Handle10.2307/2445526
WA Jensen (1965) ArticleTitleThe ultrastructure and histochemistry of the synergids of cotton Am J Bot 52 238–256 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaF2MXktVCrurs%3D Occurrence Handle10.2307/2439936 Occurrence Handle14285139
WA Jensen D-B Fisher (1968) ArticleTitleCotton embryogenesis: the entrance and discharge of the pollen tube in the embryo sac Planta 78 158–183 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00406648
M Kościńska-Pająk J Bednara (2003) ArticleTitleMicrotubule patterns during microsporogenesis in apomictic Chondrilla juncea L. Acta Biol Cracov Ser Bot 45/2 169–176
H Kuroiwa (1989) ArticleTitleUltrastructural examination of embryogenesis in Crepis capillaris (L.). Wallr.: 1. The synergid before and after pollination Bot Mag Tokyo 102 9–24
HL Mogensen (1978) ArticleTitlePollen tube-synergid interactions in Proboscidea louisianica (Martineaceae) Am J Bot 65 953–964 Occurrence Handle10.2307/2442682
W Newcomb TA Steeves (1971) ArticleTitle Helianthus annuus embryogenesis: embryo sac wall projections before and after fertilization Bot Gaz 132 367–371 Occurrence Handle10.1086/336604
H Nguyen RC Brown BE Lemmon (2002) ArticleTitleCytoskeletal organization of the micropylar endosperm in Coronopus didymus L. (Brassicaceae) Protoplasma 219 210–220 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD38zlsF2htA%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1007/s007090200022 Occurrence Handle12099221
SD Russell (1982) ArticleTitleFertilization in Plumbago zeylanica: entry and discharge of the pollen tube into the embryo sac Can J Bot 60 2219–2230
SD Russell (1992) ArticleTitleDouble fertilization Int Rev Cytol 140 357–388 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0074-7696(08)61102-X
SD Russell (2001) Female gametogenesis: ontogenesis of the embryo sac and female gametes SS Bhojwani WY Soh (Eds) Current trends in the embryology of angiosperms Kluwer Academic Dordrecht 89–100
SD Russell DD Cass (1988) ArticleTitleFertilization in Plumbagella micrantha Am J Bot 75 778–781 Occurrence Handle10.2307/2443996
ED Salmon M Way (1999) ArticleTitleCytoskeleton Curr Opin Cell Biol 11 15–17 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXhsFSntbs%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0955-0674(99)80002-7
R Schulz WA Jensen (1968) ArticleTitleCapsella embryogenesis: the synergids before and after fertilization Am J Bot 55 541–552 Occurrence Handle10.2307/2440608
J Świerczyńska J Bohdanowicz (2003) ArticleTitleMicrofilament cytoskeleton of endosperm chalazal haustorium of Rhinanthus serotinus (Scrophulariaceae) Acta Biol Cracov Ser Bot 45/1 143–148
VR Tilton (1981) ArticleTitleOvule development in Ornithogalum caudatum (Liliaceae) with a review of selected papers on angiosperm reproduction. IV. Egg apparatus structure and function New Phytol 88 505–531 Occurrence Handle10.1111/j.1469-8137.1981.tb04095.x
JE van der Pluijm (1964) An electron microscopic investigation of the FA in the embryo sac of Torenia fournieri HF Linskens (Eds) Pollen physiology and fertilization North Holland Amsterdam 8–16
AAM Van Lammeren CJ Keijzer MTM Willemse H Kieft (1985) ArticleTitleStructure and function of the microtubular cytoskeleton during pollen development in Gasteria verrucosa (Mill.) H. Duval Planta 165 1–11 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00392205
AAM Van Lammeren J Bednara MTM Willemse (1989) ArticleTitleOrganization of the actin cytoskeleton during pollen development in Gasteria verrucosa (Mill.) H. Duval Planta 178 531–539 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00963823
JL van Went (1970) ArticleTitleThe ultrastructure of the synergids of Petunia Acta Bot Neerl 19 121–132
MC Webb BES Gunning (1991) ArticleTitleThe microtubular cytoskeleton during development of the zygote, proembryo and free-nuclear endosperm in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh Planta 184 187–195 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF01102418
MC Webb BES Gunning (1994) ArticleTitleEmbryo sac development in Arabidopsis thaliana. II. The cytoskeleton during megasporogenesis Sex Plant Reprod 7 153–163 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00228488
MTM Willemse AAM Van Lammeren (1988) ArticleTitleStructure and function of the microtubular cytoskeleton during megasporogenesis and embryo sac development in Gasteria verrucosa (Mill.) H.Duval Sex Plant Reprod 1 74–82 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00189265
H Yan HY Yang WA Jensen (1991) ArticleTitleUltrastructure of the developing embryo sac of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) before and after fertilization Can J Bot 69 191–202
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Correspondence and reprints: Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Jagiellonian University, Grodzka 52, 31-044 Kraków, Poland.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kościńska-Pająk, M., Bednara, J. Unusual microtubular cytoskeleton of apomictic embryo sac of Chondrilla juncea L.. Protoplasma 227, 87–93 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-006-0147-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-006-0147-5