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Temporal lineage dynamics of the ORF5 gene of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in Korea in 2014–2019

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Abstract

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is the most important pathogen in the Korean swine industry. Despite efforts including improved biosecurity and vaccination protocols, the virus continues to circulate and evolve. Based on phylogenetic analysis of open reading frame 5 (ORF5), Korean PRRSVs are known to form not only globally circulating lineages but also country-specific lineages (Lin Kor A, B, and C). To understand the recent epidemiological status of PRRSV in Korea, a total of 1349 ORF5 sequences of Korean PRRSV isolates from 2014 to 2019 were analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using the maximum-likelihood method, and temporal changes in the relative prevalence of lineages were investigated. The analysis showed that PRRSV1 and PRRSV2 were both highly prevalent throughout the years examined. Among the PRRSV1 isolates, subgroup A (90.1%) and vaccine-like subgroup C (9.0%) composed most of the population. For PRRSV2 isolates, vaccine-like lineage 5 (36.3%) was dominant, followed by Lin Kor B (25.9%), Kor C (16.6%), lineage 1 (11.6%), and Kor A (9.1%). The PRRSV2 lineage 1 population increased from 2014 (1.8%) to 2019 (29.6%) in Korea due to the continual spread of sublineage 1.8 (NADC30-like) and introduction of sublineage 1.6 into the country. Additional genetic analysis, including analysis of non synonymous and synonymous mutations, revealed evidence of diversification and positive selection in immunologically important regions of the genome, suggesting that current vaccination is failing and promoting immune-mediated selection. Overall, these findings provide insights into the epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of cocirculating viral lineages, and constant surveillance of PRRSV occurrence is needed.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by a Grant (Z-1543069-2017-20-1) from the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (QIA) and Animal Disease Management Technology Development Program (320060-02) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Republic of Korea.

Funding

This study was supported by a Grant (Z-1543069-2017-20-1) from the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (QIA) and Animal Disease Management Technology Development Program (320060-02) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Republic of Korea.

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  1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, Republic of Korea

    Seung-Chai Kim, Chang-Gi Jeong, Gyeong-Seo Park & Won-Il Kim

  2. Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, 39660, Korea

    Ji-Young Park, Hye-Young Jeoung, Go-Eun Shin, Mi-Kyeong Ko, Seoung-Hee Kim & Kyoung-Ki Lee

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Conceptualization, W.-I.K. and K.-K.L.; methodology, S.-C.K.; software, S.-C.K.; validation, J.-Y.P. and H.-Y.J.; formal analysis, S.-C.K.; investigation, S.-C.K.; resources, G.-S.P., S.-H.K., G.-E.S. and M.-K.K.; data curation, S.-C.K.; writing—original draft preparation, S.-C.K.; writing—review and editing, W.-I.K.; visualization, S.-C.K.; supervision, W.-I.K.; project administration, C.-G.J.; funding acquisition, W.-I.K. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Kim, SC., Jeong, CG., Park, GS. et al. Temporal lineage dynamics of the ORF5 gene of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in Korea in 2014–2019. Arch Virol 166, 2803–2815 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-021-05169-w

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