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Karyotype of mitotic metaphase and meiotic diakinesis in non-heading Chinese cabbage

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Abstract

Non-heading Chinese cabbage [Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt] is one of the most popular leafy vegetables. Despite the economic importance of non-heading Chinese cabbage, little attention has been given to its cytogenetic profile. This study reveals the karyotype of non-heading Chinese cabbage. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 45S and 5S rDNA probes was performed on mitotic metaphase complementary regions. We located 45S rDNA on the centromeric or adjacent region of chromosomes A1 and A2, with the largest on the satellite of chromosome A5. Meanwhile, 5S rDNA co-localized with 45S rDNA on chromosomes A2 and A5, and on the telomeric region of chromosome A10. We performed DAPI fluorescence banding on the same metaphase chromosomes to identify homologous chromosomes. The DAPI fluorescence pattern was observed mainly on the centromeric heterochromatin regions of each chromosome. However, the lengths of chromosomes A2 and A6 were completely stained, except for their telomeric regions. Meiotic diakinesis chromosomes as new substrates in FISH-developed karyotype were revealed for the first time. The karyotype of non-heading Chinese cabbage reveals that it contains eight submetacentric chromosomes, one subtelocentric chromosome (bearing satellite), and one telocentric chromosome. Diakinetic chromosome pairing can overcome the difficulty of unlabeled chromosome identification. This study provided valuable information for cytogenetic research and molecular breeding of non-heading Chinese cabbage by using the combination of FISH and DAPI fluorescence patterns on mitotic and meiotic chromosomes.

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Abbreviations

DAPI:

4′,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole

FISH:

Fluorescence in situ hybridization

rDNA (RNA):

Ribosomal DNA (RNA)

BDB:

Blenched DAPI band

NOR:

Nucleolus organizing region

M:

Metacentric

SM:

Submetacentric

ST:

Subtelocentric

T:

Telocentric

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported financially by grants from: 1. National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program, No. 2012AA100101); 2. the project supported by China Agriculture Research System (CARS-25-A-12).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Tongwei Road, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

    Jin-shuang Zheng, Cheng-zhen Sun, Shu-ning Zhang & Xi-lin Hou

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  1. Jin-shuang Zheng
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  2. Cheng-zhen Sun
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Correspondence to Xi-lin Hou.

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Zheng, Js., Sun, Cz., Zhang, Sn. et al. Karyotype of mitotic metaphase and meiotic diakinesis in non-heading Chinese cabbage. Plant Syst Evol 300, 295–302 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-013-0882-y

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