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Genetic diversity of four new species related to southwestern Sichuan buckwheats as revealed by karyotype, ISSR and allozyme characterization

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Abstract

The genetic diversity of four new species related to southwestern Sichuan buckwheats was examined using karyotypes, allozymes and intersimple sequence repeats (ISSR). Karyotype analysis showed that Fagopyrum wenchuanense, F. qiangcai and F. pugense are diploid (2n = 2x = 16) while F. crispatofolium is tetraploid (2n = 4x = 32). The karyotype evolutionary trend of buckwheat indicated that F. crispatofolium, F. gracilipes var. odontopterum and F. gracilipes seemed to be more advanced than F. wenchuanense, F. qiangcai, F. pugense, F. esculentum, F. cymosum and F. tataricumare. Three polymorphic enzyme systems were used for the examination of variation, including peroxidase, esterase and superoxide dismutase. Consistent banding patterns were obtained for esterase and superoxide dismutase, while peroxidase produced a large number of sharp bands. A total of 18 ISSR primers were selected for the analysis and showed high variations among the species. Allozymes and ISSR markers were utilized to estimate the genetic distance among accessions and to draw phylogenetic trees. Our data provide evidence of a high degree of genetic diversity among southwestern Sichuan buckwheats. In addition, both cultivars and wild types showed a high degree of divergence suggesting a complex domestication process in this crop. This study provides a better understanding of evolutionary mechanisms and genetic relationships in four new species of buckwheat.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Trillian Ross (Plant Cell Physiology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, The Netherlands) for useful comments on the manuscript. This research was supported by the Key Project of Science and Technology of Sichuan, China (grant no. 04NG001-015, ‘‘Protection and exploitation of wild-type buckwheat germplasm resource’’).

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  1. Mei-Liang Zhou

    Present address: Plant Cell Physiology, Sylvius Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan, 625014, People’s Republic of China

    Mei-Liang Zhou, Da-Quan Bai & Ji-Rong Shao

  2. Department of Tourism Culture, Sichuan Higher Institute of Cuisine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China

    Yu Tang

  3. School of Resources and Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, 625014, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China

    Xue-Mei Zhu

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  1. Mei-Liang Zhou
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  2. Da-Quan Bai
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  5. Ji-Rong Shao
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Correspondence to Xue-Mei Zhu or Ji-Rong Shao.

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Zhou, ML., Bai, DQ., Tang, Y. et al. Genetic diversity of four new species related to southwestern Sichuan buckwheats as revealed by karyotype, ISSR and allozyme characterization. Plant Syst Evol 298, 751–759 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-011-0586-0

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