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Phenetic and genetic diversity in Indian Luffa (Cucurbitaceae) inferred from morphometric, ISSR and DAMD markers

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Abstract

Genetic variations and relationships among cultivated and wild genotypes of five taxa of Indian Luffa were examined using inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR), directed amplification of minisatellite DNA (DAMD) markers and morphological characterization. Morphometric evaluation of 21 discrete characters in 51 representative accessions segregated the five taxa of Luffa in three main clusters: the two wild species (L. echinata, L. graveolens) in the first, and the cultivated L. aegyptiaca (smooth gourd) and L. acutangula (ridged gourd)/L. hermaphrodita (Hermaphrodite luffa) in the second and third clusters, respectively. Cumulative data analysis of 15 ISSR and seven DAMD markers revealed high percentage polymorphism (97.67 %), moderate genetic distance (0.06–0.72, avg. 0.51), and low heterozygosity and Shannon index values (H = 0.15; I = 0.22) across all the 76 genotypes assayed. A UPGMA dendrogram, based on the combined marker data, resolved the five taxa in two main clusters with high bootstrap support. The morphological and molecular trees showed incongruence in the number of main clusters resolved and in the disposition of the wild and cultivated taxa in different sub-clusters. The cluster analyses and PCoA plots revealed a nested grouping of the hermaphrodite luffa within the ridge gourd group. The Bayesian STRUCTURE analysis identified three genetic clusters for the five assumed taxa. Outcrossing test revealed a mixed mating system in Indian Luffa. This is the first ever report on the mating system in Luffa using molecular markers. The study also demonstrates the utility of using more than one DNA marker in the assessment of molecular diversity in a widely cultivated crop genus like Luffa with a narrow genetic base.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the Director, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow for extending necessary facilities and encouragement. The authors also wish to express their sincere gratitude to the Director, Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany (BSIP), Lucknow for having permitted them to carry out SEM studies; to Dr. P.E. Rajasekharan, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (ICAR-IIHR), Bangalore; to Dr. T. Pradeepkumar, College of Horticulture, Kerala Agriculture University, Thrissur for having provided seed samples of the standard cultivars and released varieties of Luffa from their germplasm collections; and to Dr. V. Sampath Kumar, the then Indian Botanical Liaison Officer at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, for sending images of a few specimens of Luffa housed in the Kew Herbarium. The financial assistance for conducting research under an In-House Project (OLP 083) of CSIR-NBRI is also gratefully acknowledged.

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  1. Plant Diversity, Systematics and Herbarium Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India

    Sujata Misra, Awadhesh Kumar Srivastava, Sushma Verma, Tikam Singh Rana & K. Narayanan Nair

  2. Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221305, India

    Sudhakar Pandey

  3. Department of Botany, DSB Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, 263001, India

    Surendra Singh Bargali

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  1. Sujata Misra
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Correspondence to K. Narayanan Nair.

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Misra, S., Srivastava, A.K., Verma, S. et al. Phenetic and genetic diversity in Indian Luffa (Cucurbitaceae) inferred from morphometric, ISSR and DAMD markers. Genet Resour Crop Evol 64, 995–1010 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-016-0420-1

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