Abstract
This article demonstrates a new kind of a highly sensitive lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA). It is based on the enlargement of the size of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) directly on the test strip after a conventional LFIA. Particle size enlargement is accomplished through the catalytic reduction of HAuCl4 in the presence of H2O2 and through the accumulation of additional gold on the surface of the GNPs. To attain maximal enhancement of the coloration of the zone in the test strip and to achieve a minimal background, the concentration of precursors, the pH value, and the incubation time were optimized. GNPs on the test strip are enlarged from 20 to 350 nm after a 1-min treatment at room temperature. The economically important and widespread phytopathogen potato virus X (PVX) was used as the target analyte. The use of the GNP enlargement method results in a 240-fold reduction in the limit of the detection of PVX, which can be as low as 17 pg·mL−1. The total duration of the assay, including virus extraction from the potato leaves, lateral flow, and the enhancement process, is only 12 min. The diagnostic efficiency of the technique was confirmed by its application to the analysis of potato leave samples. No false positives or false negatives were found. The technique does not depend on specific features of the target analyte, and it is conceivably applicable to numerous GNP-based LFIAs for important analytes.
References
Mahato K, Srivastava A, Chandra P (2017) Paper based diagnostics for personalized health care: emerging technologies and commercial aspects. Biosens Bioelectron 96:246–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2017.05.001
Dzantiev BB, Byzova NA, Urusov AE, Zherdev AV (2014) Immunochromatographic methods in food analysis. TrAC Trends Anal Chem 55:81–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2013.11.007
Mak WC, Beni V, Turner APF (2016) Lateral-flow technology: from visual to instrumental. TrAC Trends Anal Chem 79:297–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2015.10.017
Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB (2018) Ways to reach lower detection limits in lateral flow immunoassays. In: Anfossi L (ed) Rapid Test – Advances in Design, Format and Diagnostic Applications InTechOpen, London, pp 9–43. ISBN 978-953-51-5953-7. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.76926
Goryacheva IY, Lenain P, De Saeger S (2013) Nanosized labels for rapid immunotests. TrAC Trends Anal Chem 46:30–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2013.01.013
Quesada-González D, Merkoçi A (2015) Nanoparticle-based lateral flow biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 73:47–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2015.05.050
Di Nardo F, Baggiani C, Giovannoli C et al (2017) Multicolor immunochromatographic strip test based on gold nanoparticles for the determination of aflatoxin B1 and fumonisins. Microchim Acta 184:1295–1304. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-017-2121-7
Yang Y, Ozsoz M, Liu G (2017) Gold nanocage-based lateral flow immunoassay for immunoglobulin G. Microchim Acta 184:2023–2029. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-017-2176-5
Bahadır EB, Sezgintürk MK (2016) Lateral flow assays: principles, designs and labels. TrAC Trends Anal Chem 82:286–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2016.06.006
Posthuma-Trumpie GA, Korf J, van Amerongen A (2009) Lateral flow (immuno)assay: its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. A literature survey. Anal Bioanal Chem 393:569–582. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-008-2287-2
Han S, Zhou T, Yin B, He P (2018) Gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric ELISA for quantification of ractopamine. Microchim Acta 185:210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-018-2736-3
Rodríguez MO, Covián LB, García AC, Blanco-López MC (2016) Silver and gold enhancement methods for lateral flow immunoassays. Talanta 148:272–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2015.10.068
Yang W, Li X, Liu G, Zhang BB, Zhang Y, Kong T, Tang JJ, Li DN, Wang Z (2011) A colloidal gold probe-based silver enhancement immunochromatographic assay for the rapid detection of abrin-a. Biosens Bioelectron 26:3710–3713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2011.02.016
Dykman L, Khlebtsov N (2012) Gold nanoparticles in biomedical applications: recent advances and perspectives. Chem Soc Rev 41:2256–2282. https://doi.org/10.1039/C1CS15166E
Wang J, Chen M, Sheng Z et al (2015) Development of colloidal gold immunochromatographic signal-amplifying system for ultrasensitive detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in milk. RSC Adv 5:62300–62305. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA13279G
Park J, Shin JH, Park J-K (2016) Pressed paper-based dipstick for detection of foodborne pathogens with multistep reactions. Anal Chem 88:3781–3788. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04743
Li J, Zou M, Chen Y, Xue Q, Zhang F, Li B, Wang Y, Qi X, Yang Y (2013) Gold immunochromatographic strips for enhanced detection of avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses. Anal Chim Acta 782:54–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2013.04.022
Bu T, Huang Q, Yan L, Huang L, Zhang M, Yang Q, Yang B, Wang J, Zhang D (2018) Ultra technically-simple and sensitive detection for Salmonella enteritidis by immunochromatographic assay based on gold growth. Food Control 84:536–543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.08.036
Dias JT, Svedberg G, Nystrand M, Andersson-Svahn H, Gantelius J (2017) Rapid signal enhancement method for nanoprobe-based biosensing. Sci Rep 7:6837. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07030-0
Gaur RK, Khurana SMP, Dorokhov Y (2018) Plant viruses diversity, interaction and management, 1st edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton, p 387
Safenkova IV, Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB (2010) Correlation between the composition of multivalent antibody conjugates with colloidal gold nanoparticles and their affinity. J Immunol Methods 357:17–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jim.2010.03.010
Frens G (1973) Controlled nucleation for the regulation of the particle size in monodisperse gold suspensions. Nat Phys Sci 241:20–22. https://doi.org/10.1038/physci241020a0
Zhou N, Wang J, Chen T, Yu Z, Li G (2006) Enlargement of gold nanoparticles on the surface of a self-assembled monolayer modified electrode: a mode in biosensor design. Anal Chem 78:5227–5230. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac0605492
Pestovskii YS, Budashov IA, Kurochkin IN (2011) Investigation into the growth of gold nanoparticles immobilized on a mica surface due to tetrachloroauric acid reduction by hydrogen peroxide. Nanotechnol Russ 6:189–195. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995078011020145
Rettcher S, Jungk F, Kühn C, Krause HJ, Nölke G, Commandeur U, Fischer R, Schillberg S, Schröper F (2015) Simple and portable magnetic immunoassay for rapid detection and sensitive quantification of plant viruses. Appl Environ Microbiol 81:3039–3048. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.03667-14
Caglayan MG, Kasap E, Cetin D, Suludere Z, Tamer U (2017) Fabrication of SERS active gold nanorods using benzalkonium chloride, and their application to an immunoassay for potato virus X. Microchim Acta 184:1059–1067. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-017-2102-x
Drygin YF, Blintsov AN, Grigorenko VG, Andreeva IP, Osipov AP, Varitzev YA, Uskov AI, Kravchenko DV, Atabekov JG (2012) Highly sensitive field test lateral flow immunodiagnostics of PVX infection. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 93:179–189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-011-3522-x
Banttari EE (1991) Rapid magnetic microsphere enzyme immunoassay for potato virus x and potato leafroll virus. Phytopathology 81:1039. https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-81-1039
Safenkova IV, Pankratova GK, Zaitsev IA, Varitsev YA, Vengerov YY, Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB (2016) Multiarray on a test strip (MATS): rapid multiplex immunodetection of priority potato pathogens. Anal Bioanal Chem 408:6009–6017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-016-9463-6
Weilbach A, Sander E (2000) Quantitative detection of potato viruses X and Y (PVX, PVY) with antibodies raised in chicken egg yolk (IgY) by ELISA variants. J Plant Dis Prot 107:318–328
Panferov VG, Safenkova IV, Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB (2017) Setting up the cut-off level of a sensitive barcode lateral flow assay with magnetic nanoparticles. Talanta 164:69–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2016.11.025
Panferov VG, Safenkova IV, Varitsev YA, Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB (2018) Enhancement of lateral flow immunoassay by alkaline phosphatase: a simple and highly sensitive test for potato virus X. Microchim Acta 185:25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-017-2595-3
Razo SC, Panferov VG, Safenkova IV, Varitsev YA, Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB (2018) Double-enhanced lateral flow immunoassay for potato virus X based on a combination of magnetic and gold nanoparticles. Anal Chim Acta 1007:50–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2017.12.023
Acknowledgments
This study was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant 16-16-04108).
The authors are grateful to Yu.A. Varitsev (A.G. Lorch All-Russian Potato Research Institute, Korenevo, Russia) for providing the infected and healthy plants and virus samples, S.M. Pridvorova (Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Acad. Sci.) and Yu.V. Sorokopudova (Tescan Company, Moscow office) for the SEM and EDC analysis.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Electronic supplementary material
ESM 1
(PDF 2952 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Panferov, V.G., Safenkova, I.V., Zherdev, A.V. et al. Post-assay growth of gold nanoparticles as a tool for highly sensitive lateral flow immunoassay. Application to the detection of potato virus X. Microchim Acta 185, 506 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-018-3052-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-018-3052-7