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Determination of methamphetamine, amphetamine and ecstasy by inside-needle adsorption trap based on molecularly imprinted polymer followed by GC-FID determination

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Abstract

We have developed a solvent-free and sensitive method for the identification and quantification of methamphetamine (MAMP), amphetamine (AMP) and ecstasy (MDMA) in human urine. It is based on the use of an inside-needle adsorption trap (INAT) and a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP). The MAMP-MIP layer was coated on the internal surface of a hollow stainless steel needle, which was oxidized and silylated. It was used as the extraction needle. A model solution containing the drugs was slowly passed through the extraction needle. After adsorption of the analytes, the needle was directly transferred to the injector of a gas chromatograph, where the analytes were thermally desorbed, separated by GC, and detected with a flame ionization detector. The method does not require an extraction solvent, is fast and simple. The linear range of the calibration graphs are rather wide, and the limit of detection and the limit of quantification (LOQ) for MAMP are 12 and 40 ng mL−1, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSD%) for six repeated experiments (at 500 ng mL−1 of MAMP) is 4.9 %. The relative recoveries obtained for MAMP in spiked human urine samples are in the range of 81–93 %.

Typical chromatograms corresponding to the extraction of MAMP, AMP and MDMA in the optimum condition from human urine sample. Lower chromatogram (I) belong to non-spiked samples after extraction using MAMP-MIP coated needle and the other chromatograms, (II) and (III), are related to spiked samples with MAMP, AMP and MDMA (each 0.5 μg mL−1) and extraction using the NIP-coated needle and MAMP-MIP coated needle, respectively.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the Research Council of University of Tabriz for financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Chromatography, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

    Djavanshir Djozan, Mir Ali Farajzadeh & Saeed Mohammad Sorouraddin

  2. The Research Center of Antinarcotics Police, Tehran, Iran

    Tahmineh Baheri

Authors
  1. Djavanshir Djozan
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  2. Mir Ali Farajzadeh
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  3. Saeed Mohammad Sorouraddin
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  4. Tahmineh Baheri
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Correspondence to Djavanshir Djozan.

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Djozan, D., Farajzadeh, M.A., Sorouraddin, S.M. et al. Determination of methamphetamine, amphetamine and ecstasy by inside-needle adsorption trap based on molecularly imprinted polymer followed by GC-FID determination. Microchim Acta 179, 209–217 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-012-0879-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-012-0879-1

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