Abstract
A monolithic solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber was fabricated based on a molecularly imprinted polymer which could be coupled with gas chromatography for extraction, pre-concentration and determination of methamphetamine (MAMP). Methacrylic acid, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and MAMP play the roles of functional monomer, cross-linker and template, respectively. The effective factors influencing the polymerization and extraction procedures were investigated and will be detailed here. The fabricated fiber was firm, inexpensive, stable, selective and durable which gives it vital importance in SPME. Selectivity of the fabricated fiber in relation to the template in solution containing MAMP, related and unrelated compounds was also investigated. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration plot was linear in the range of 50–3,500 ng mL−1 (r 2 = 0.997). The high extraction efficiency was obtained for MAMP giving a detection limit of 14 ng mL−1. The fabricated fiber was successfully applied to SPME of MAMP from human saliva samples followed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector analysis.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bar AM, Panenka WJ, MacEwan W, Thornton AE, Lang DJ, Honer WG, Lecomte T (2006) J Psychiatry Neurosci 31:301–313
Kraemer T, Maurer HH (1998) J Chromatogr B 713:163–187
Pichini S, Pacifici R, Pellegrini M, Marchei E, Lozano J, Nurillo J, Vall O, Garcia-Algar O (2004) Anal Chem 76:2124–2132
Hendrickson HP, Milesi-Halle A, Laurenzana EM, Owens SM (2004) J Chromatogr B 806:81–87
Moeller MR, Steinmeyer S, Kraemer T (1998) J Chromatogr B 713:91–109
González-Marino I, Quintana JB, Rodríguez I, Rodil R, González-Penas J, Cela R (2009) J Chromatogr A 1216:8435–8441
Myung SW, Min HK, Kim S, Kim M, Cho JB, Kim TJ (1998) J Chromatogr B 716:359–365
Ugland HG, Krogh M, Rasmussen KE (1997) J Chromatogr B 701:29–38
Raikos N, Christopoulou K, Theodoridis G, Tsoukali H, Psaroulis D (2003) J Chromatogr B 789:59–63
Yashiki M, Kojima T, Miyazaki T, Nagasawa N, Iwasaki Y, Hara K (1995) Forensic Sci Int 76:169–177
Lord HL, Pawliszyn J (1997) Anal Chem 69:3899–3906
Chia KJ, Huang SD (2005) Anal Chim Acta 539:49–54
Fan Y, Feng Y, Zhang J, Da S, Zhang M (2005) J Chromatogr A 1074:9–16
Cormack PAG, Elorza AZ (2004) J Chromatogr B 804:173–182
Andrade R, Reyes FGR, Rath S (2005) Food Chem 91:173–179
Zhou F, Li X, Zeng Z (2005) Anal Chim Acta 538:63–70
Djozan Dj, Pournaghi-Azar MH, Bahar S (2004) Chromatographia 59:595–599
Djozan Dj, Assadi Y (2001) Anal Chem 73:4054–4058
Gierak A, Seredych M, Bartnicki A (2006) Talanta 69:1079–1087
Jiang R, Zhu F, Luan T, Tong Y, Liu H, Ouyang G, Pawliszyn J (2009) J Chromatogr A 1216:4641–4647
Mohammadi A, Yamini Y, Alizadeh N (2005) J Chromatogr A 1063:1–8
Mullet WM, Martin P, Pawliszyn J (2001) Anal Chem 73:2383–2389
Djozan Dj, Baheri T (2007) J Chromatogr A 1166:16–23
Djozan Dj, Baheri T, Pournaghi Azar MH, Mahkam M (2007) Mater Manuf Process 22:758–763
Djozan Dj, Ebrahimi B (2008) Anal Chim Acta 616:152–159
Sellergren B (2003) Techniques and instrumentation in analytical chemistry, vol 23. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Qi J, Li X, Li Y, Zhu J, Qiang L (2008) Chem Eng China 2:109–115
Cháfer-Pericás C, Campíns-Falcó P, Herráez-Hernández R (2004) Anal Biochem 333:328–335
Huang Z, Zhang S (2003) J Chromatogr B 792:241–247
Kudo K, Ishida T, Hara K, Kashimura S, Tsuji A, Ikeda N (2007) J Chromatogr B 855:115–120
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the Research Office at the University of Tabriz for financial support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Djozan, D., Farajzadeh, M.A., Sorouraddin, S.M. et al. Synthesis and Application of High Selective Monolithic Fibers Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for SPME of Trace Methamphetamine. Chromatographia 73, 975–983 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-011-1984-8
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-011-1984-8