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True Triaxial Experimental Study on the Variation Characteristics of Rockburst with the Number of Fast Unloading Surfaces

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Abstract

The fast unloading delayed rockburst experiments on single-side, double-side, three-side, and four-side were carried out using the self-developed true triaxial rockburst experimental apparatus, which can realize the fast unloading of multiple loading surfaces in the horizontal direction under high stress. The rockburst experiment’s stress–strain curve, energy evolution, failure characteristics, and acoustic emission (AE) characteristics are investigated. The results show that the rockburst gradually reduces the axial peak stress and strain when increasing the number of unloading surfaces (NUS). The rise in the axial strain at the fast unloading point will progressively grow when the NUS increases, indicating that the sample’s expansion in the unloading direction will gradually increase. Fast unloading causes unloading damage, which causes a sudden rise in dissipated energy at the unloading point. The total energy and elastic strain energy input by axial stress at the bursting point gradually declines when the NUS increases, but the dissipated energy increases. The release rate of elastic strain energy at the bursting point increases when the NUS increases, and the rockburst becomes more intense. The abrupt value of the cumulative AE hits at the fast unloading point and the cumulative AE hits at the burst point increase with the NUS increase. The changing trend of the multifractal parameter, which initially decreases and then rises abruptly, can be regarded as the precursor of rockburst. The hysteresis of the precursor of rockburst grows when the NUS increases.

Highlights

  • The fast unloading delayed rockburst tests on single-side, double-side, three-side, and four-side were carried out using the self-developed true triaxial rockburst experimental apparatus.

  • Energy analysis and high-speed recording of the rockburst process found that the severity of the rockburst does not depend on the amount of elastic strain energy stored in the rock sample but rather on the release rate of energy at the rockburst point.

  • The changing trend of the multifractal parameter, which initially decreases and then rises abruptly, can be regarded as the precursor of rockburst. The hysteresis of the precursor of rockburst grows when the NUS increases.

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Data availability

Data generated or analyzed during this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41941018 and 52074299), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 2021JCCXSB03), and Program of China Scholarship Council (202006430049).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory for GeoMechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China

    Jieyu Li, Dongqiao Liu, Manchao He & Yunpeng Guo

  2. Norman B. Keevil Institute of Mining Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada

    Jieyu Li

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  1. Jieyu Li
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  2. Dongqiao Liu
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Correspondence to Dongqiao Liu or Manchao He.

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Li, J., Liu, D., He, M. et al. True Triaxial Experimental Study on the Variation Characteristics of Rockburst with the Number of Fast Unloading Surfaces. Rock Mech Rock Eng 56, 5585–5606 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-023-03311-5

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