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Clinical appearance of erythema migrans caused by Borrelia afzelii and Borrelia garinii – effect of the patient's sex

Erythema migrans nach Infektion durch Borrelia afzelii oder Borrelia garinii: Abhängigkeit des klinischen Erscheinungsbildes vom Geschlecht der Patienten

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Zusammenfassung

ZIEL DER STUDIE: Untersuchung der klinischen Charakteristika von durch Borrelia Genospezies bedingten Infektionen bei Patienten mit Erythema migrans, bei denen die Diagnose der Borreliose durch PCR gesichert war. Zusätzlich sollten Faktoren untersucht werden, die das klinische Erscheinungsbild des Erythema migrans beeinflussen könnten. METHODEN: Diese Studie wurde in Südschweden von Mai 2001 bis Dezember 2003 an Patienten, die älter als 18 Jahre waren und die die Ambulanz wegen Erythema migrans aufgesucht hatten, durchgeführt. Alle Erythema migrans wurden durch PCR bestätigt, photographiert und als "annulär" oder "nicht-annulär" kategorisiert. Ein logistisches Regressionsmodell wurde zur Analyse von möglichen Zusammenhängen zwischen der Erscheinungsform des Erythema migrans (annullär oder nicht-annulär) und verschiedenen Faktoren, die die klinische Erscheinungsform beeinflussen könnten, angewandt. ERGEBNISSE: 118 Patienten, 54 Frauen (45,8%) und 64 Männer (54,2%), erfüllten die Einschlusskriterien. 74% der Patienten war mit B. afzelli und 26% mit B. garinii (p < 0,001) infiziert. Insgesamt waren 45% (38/85) der Erythemata annulär, 46% waren nicht-annulär und 9,4% wurden als atypisch eingestuft. Die Odds Ratios für Männer die mit B. afzelii infiziert waren, ein nicht-annuläres Erythema migrans zu entwickeln, lagen im Vergleich zu Frauen mit der gleichen Infektion bei 0,09 (95%; CI: 0,03–0,33). SCHLUSSFOLGERUNGEN: In dieser prospektiven Studie an einer großen Zahl von Patienten mit Erythema migrans, deren Genospezies durch PCR gesichert war, hatte das Geschlecht einen starken Einfluss auf die klinische Erscheinungsform des Erythema migrans bei B. afzelii Infektion. Die Patienten mit einer Infektion durch B. garinii hatten öfter nicht-annuläre Erythemata, die Infektion verlief virulenter mit häufigerem Fieber, häufiger erhöhten CRP Spiegel und positiver Seroreaktivität in der Genesungsphase.

Summary

AIM: The aim in this survey was to study the clinical characteristics of infections caused by Borrelia genospecies in patients with erythema migrans where borrelial origin was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. The aim was also to study factors influencing the clinical appearance of erythema migrans. METHODS: The study was conducted in southern Sweden from May 2001 to December 2003 on patients 18 years and older attending with erythema migrans at outpatient clinics. All erythema migrans were verified by polymerase chain reaction, photographed and categorized as "annular" or "non-annular" lesions. A logistic regression model was used to analyze relations between the appearance of the erythema migrans (i.e. annular or non-annular) and factors that influenced its clinical appearance. RESULTS: A total of 118 patients, 54 women (45.8%) and 64 men (54.2%), fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Of these patients, 74% were infected by B. afzelii and 26% by B. garinii (p < 0.001). A total of 45% (38/85) of the erythema migrans were annular, 46% (39/85) were nonannular and 9.4% (8/85) were atypical. For men infected by B. afzelii, the odds ratio of developing non-annular erythema migrans was 0.09 (95% CI: 0.03–0.33) in comparison with women with the same infection. CONCLUSIONS: In this prospective study of a large series of erythema migrans, where infecting genospecies were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction, the sex of patients infected with B. afzelii had a strong influence on the appearance of the rash. Patients infected by B. garinii more often had non-annular erythema migrans and a more virulent infection with more individuals presenting with fever, raised levels of C-reactive protein and seroreactivity in the convalescence sera.

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Correspondence to Louise Bennet.

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Bennet, L., Fraenkel, CJ., Garpmo, U. et al. Clinical appearance of erythema migrans caused by Borrelia afzelii and Borrelia garinii – effect of the patient's sex. Wien Klin Wochenschr 118, 531–537 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-006-0659-1

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