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Postoperative Schmerzmessung bei speziellen Patientengruppen

Teil I: Das kognitiv unbeeinträchtigte Kind

Postoperative pain assessment in special patient groups

Part I: Children without cognitive impairment

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Zusammenfassung

Die Intensität von Schmerzen kann nicht gemessen, sondern nur indirekt beschrieben werden. Das macht die Erfassung umso schwieriger, je jünger die Patienten sind. Für eine gute Schmerztherapie ist jedoch die routinemäßige Schmerzmessung und Dokumentation auch im Kindesalter unerlässlich. Die Altersunterschiede bedingen unterschiedliche Messinstrumente, die sowohl praktikabel, zuverlässig als auch gültig (validiert) sein sollten. Fremdbeobachtungsskalen kommen bei Neugeborenen, Säuglingen und Kleinkindern zum Einsatz. Der Goldstandard der Schmerzerhebung ist aber die Selbstbeurteilung, die ab dem 4.–6. Lebensjahr möglich ist.

Qualitätsverbesserung der postoperativen Schmerztherapie bei Kindern (QUIPSInfant) stellt ein neues Tool dar. Mit diesem kann man auch bei Kindern die Ergebnisqualität messen. Standardisiert werden damit Daten zur Therapiequalität erhoben und analysiert.

Abstract

The intensity of pain cannot be measured directly but can only be described subjectively. This obviously complicates the assessment especially in the younger age group. Pain evaluation and documentation are essential for good results in pain therapy. Pain can be measured by pain scales which should fulfill the requirements of practicability, reliability and validity. In neonates and children up to 4 years of age, standardized scales have been developed for observation of their activities. Children in the age group 4–6 years old are able to communicate about pain. At this age self-report scales can be used to assess pain sensations.

”Quality Improvement in Postoperative Pain Management in Infants” (QUIPSInfant) represents a new tool for pediatric outcome evaluation, consisting of standardized data acquisition of outcome and process quality indicators.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Univ. Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 29, 8036, Graz, Österreich

    B. Messerer, A. Gutmann, M. Vittinghoff &  A. Sandner-Kiesling MD

  2. Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendchirurgie, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Österreich

    A.M. Weinberg

  3. Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivtherapie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Deutschland

    W. Meissner

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  1. B. Messerer
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  2. A. Gutmann
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  3. M. Vittinghoff
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  4. A.M. Weinberg
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  5. W. Meissner
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  6. A. Sandner-Kiesling MD
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Correspondence to A. Sandner-Kiesling MD.

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Messerer, B., Gutmann, A., Vittinghoff, M. et al. Postoperative Schmerzmessung bei speziellen Patientengruppen. Schmerz 25, 245–255 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00482-011-1060-1

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