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Transcriptomic analysis and carotenogenic gene expression related to petal coloration in Osmanthus fragrans ‘Yanhong Gui’

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Abstract

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α-Carotene and β-carotene were the major substances of petal coloration in Osmanthus fragrans ‘Yanhong Gui’. We identified 15 key carotenogenic genes involved in petal coloration of O. fragrans ‘Yanhong Gui’.

Abstract

Osmanthus fragrans Lour. is a famous traditional woody flower in China. Carotenoids are the major coloring factor in the petals of O. fragrans. However, little information is available on the transcriptional regulation of carotenogenic genes on petal coloration of orange-red-flowered cultivar. In this study, petal color, carotenoid content, transcriptome dynamics of flower buds and expression of key carotenogenic genes were analyzed by use of an orange-red-flowered cultivar ‘Yanhong Gui’ of O. fragrans. Results showed that α-carotene and β-carotene were identified as the major substances of petal coloration in O. fragrans ‘Yanhong Gui’. Using transcriptome sequencing technology, about 54.79, 57.79, 54.71 and 58.04 million raw reads were obtained and assembled into 175,320, 177,162, 175,248 and 161,902 unigenes from four cDNA libraries, respectively. Out of these assembled unigenes, a total of 129,670, 65,655 and 49,837 unigenes were assigned to non-redundant protein, Gene Ontology and Cluster of Orthologous Groups of proteins database, respectively. Furthermore, out of 46 unigenes which were identified to be carotenoid-related genes, 35 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were generated with the threshold of fold change ≥2 or ≤0.5. Based on the expression levels, 35 DEGs were grouped into five clusters using the hierarchical method. Taken petal color development and carotenoid content into consideration, we identified 27 candidate key DEGs involved in carotenoid metabolism during flower bud development. Further analysis with quantitative real-time PCR generated 15 key carotenogenic genes involved in petal coloration of O. fragrans ‘Yanhong Gui’. In addition to providing valuable sequence resource of O. fragrans, all the results and analysis are valuable resources for better understanding of carotenoids metabolism in this plant.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31501790, 31170656 and 31101571), Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. LQ15C160004 and LQ16C160003), Zhejiang Provincial Major Program of New Cultivar Breeding (Grant No. 2012C12909-9 and 2012C12909-19) and Open Foundation of Top Key Discipline of Forestry, Zhejiang Province (KF201321).

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  1. Department of Ornamental Horticulture, School of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin’an, 311300, Zhejiang, China

    Chao Zhang, Yiguang Wang, Jianxin Fu, Zhiyi Bao & Hongbo Zhao

  2. Nurturing Station for State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin’an, 311300, Zhejiang, China

    Hongbo Zhao

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  1. Chao Zhang
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Correspondence to Hongbo Zhao.

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Communicated by J.E. Carlson.

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468_2016_1359_MOESM1_ESM.jpg

Supplementary Fig. 1 HPLC separation of carotenoids of extracts of O. fragrans ‘Yanhong Gui’ petals at different developmental stage. Peak 7 (P7) represents the peak of internal standard β-apo-8′-carotenal, and other peaks represent different carotenoid compositions. S1, the outer bud scales unfurled and the inner bud scales still furled; S2, the inner bud scales unfurled and the bud remained spindle-shaped; S3, the bud became globular-shaped and the inside bracts covering the inflorescence was visible; S4, the inflorescence burst through bracts and the florets closely crowded; S5, initial flowering stage; S6, full flowering stage (JPEG 431 kb)

468_2016_1359_MOESM2_ESM.jpg

Supplementary Fig. 2 Twenty-one kinds of gene groups classified by their expression pattern during bud development. Groups are as follows: 1, up-invariable-up expression pattern; 2, up-invariable-invariable expression pattern; 3, up-invariable-down expression pattern; 4, up-down-up expression pattern; 5, up-down-invariable expression pattern; 6, up-down-down expression pattern; 7, invariable-up-up expression pattern; 8, invariable-up-invariable expression pattern; 9, invariable-up-down expression pattern; 10, invariable-invariable-up expression pattern; 11, invariable-invariable-invariable expression pattern; 12, invariable-invariable-down expression pattern; 13, invariable-down-up expression pattern; 14, invariable-down-invariable expression pattern; 15, invariable-down-down expression pattern; 16, down-up-up expression pattern; 17, down-up-invariable expression pattern; 18, down-up-down expression pattern; 19, down-invariable-up expression pattern; 20, down-invariable-invariable expression pattern; 21, down-invariable-down expression pattern (JPEG 5378 kb)

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Zhang, C., Wang, Y., Fu, J. et al. Transcriptomic analysis and carotenogenic gene expression related to petal coloration in Osmanthus fragrans ‘Yanhong Gui’. Trees 30, 1207–1223 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-016-1359-8

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