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Potential use of bio functionalized nanoparticles to attenuate triple negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231 cells)

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Abstract

This study showed that bio-functional silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were synthesized in aqueous extracts of Gymnema sylvestre leaves and tested for toxicity assessment against triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBC). Biofunctional nanoparticle (NPs) samples were characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and TEM. The results showed that the phytofabrication of AgNPs resulted in a dark brown, UV–vis maximum absorbance peak at 413 nm. The AgNPs were crystalline and spherical, with sizes ranging from 20 to 60 nm, as confirmed by the XRD pattern and TEM images. Another phytofabrication of ZnONPs exhibited a white precipitate corresponding to a UV–Vis maximum absorption peak at 377 nm and a fine micro flower morphology with a particle-sized tribution between 100 and 200 nm. In addition, FT-IR spectra showed that bioorganic compounds are associated with NPs that respond to reduced Ag+ ions and AgNPs tabilizers. Invitro cytotoxicity studies revealed the potent anti-cancer effects of phytofabricated AgNPs and ZnONPs on TNBC cells. Furthermore, the AO/EB double staining assay results proved that apoptotic cells are distinguished by greenish-yellow fluorescence of the cell nuclei with IC50 concentrations of 44 ± 0.8 µg/mL for AgNPs and 26.2 ± 0.5 µg/mL for ZnONPs, respectively. Based on our results, we expect that the anticancer function of the biofunctional NPs is due to the apoptotic activation of TNBC cells by increased ROS. Therefore, the presented study demonstrated that biofunctional AgNPs and ZnONPs have excellent prospects for the anti-cancer activity that can be used in pharmaceutical and medical fields.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia for funding this research through Researchers Supporting Project No: RSP2023R11. Department of Science and Technology, SERB-National Post Doctoral Fellowship (N-PDF), Government of India (PDF/2022/001253). Author also thank Indian Council Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India for the award of senior research fellowship (SRF) File No.45/52/2020/NANO/BMS.

Funding

All sources of funding for the research reported should be declared. The role of the funding body in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript should be declared.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkadu, Vellore, Tamilnadu, 632115, India

    Murali Santhoshkumar & Ernest David

  2. Environmental Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkadu, Vellore, Tamilnadu, 632115, India

    Dhandapani Perumal

  3. Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Selaiyur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600073, India

    Jayaraman Narenkumar

  4. Department of Environmental & Water Resources Engineering, School of Civil Engineering (SCE), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu, 632014, India

    Jayaraman Narenkumar

  5. Department of Medical Science and Technology, University College of MAIWP International, Taman Batu Muda, Batu Caves, 68100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Vasudevan Ramachandran

  6. Grassland and Forages Division, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan, 31000, Korea

    Karnan Muthusamy

  7. Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Ahmed Alfarhan

  8. Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India

    Vasudevan Ramachandran

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  1. Murali Santhoshkumar
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  4. Vasudevan Ramachandran
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  5. Karnan Muthusamy
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  7. Ernest David
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Contributions

MS: Conceptualization, Methodology, Original draft preparation, DP: Data curation, Original draft preparation, JN: Reviewing, VR: Software, KM: Validation, AA: Validation,. ED: Supervision Writing – review & editing.

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Correspondence to Jayaraman Narenkumar or Ernest David.

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Santhoshkumar, M., Perumal, D., Narenkumar, J. et al. Potential use of bio functionalized nanoparticles to attenuate triple negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231 cells). Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 46, 803–811 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-023-02858-5

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