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Microbial degradation, spectral analysis and toxicological assessment of malachite green by Streptomyces chrestomyceticus S20

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Abstract

Malachite green (MG), a triphenylmethane dye is extensively used for coloring silk, aquaculture and textile industries, it has also has been reported toxic to life forms. This study aimed to investigate the biodegradation potential of MG by actinobacteria. The potent actinobacterial strain S20 used in this study was isolated from forest soil (Sabarimala, Kerala, India) and identified as Streptomyces chrestomyceticus based on phenotype and molecular features. Strain S20 degraded MG up to 59.65 ± 0.68% was studied in MSM medium and MG (300 mg l−1) and degradation was increased (90–99%) by additions of 1% glucose and yeast extract into the medium at pH 7. The treated metabolites from MG by S20 characterized by FT-IR and GC–MS. The results showed MG has been degraded into nontoxic compounds evaluated by (1) phytotoxic assay on Vigna radiata, (2) microbial toxicity on Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Streptococcus sp. and Escherichia coli, (3) cytotoxicity assay in a human cell line (MCF 7). The toxicity studies demonstrated that the byproducts from MG degradation by S. chrestomyceticus S20 were no toxic to plants and microbes and less toxic to human cells as compared to the parent MG. Perhaps this is the first work reported on biodegradation of MG by S. chrestomyceticus which could be a potential candidate for the removal of MG from various environments.

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Abbreviations

MG:

Malachite green

ISP2:

International Streptomyces Project

MSM:

Minerals salts medium

HCL:

Hydro chloric acid

NaOH:

Sodium hydroxide

FTIR:

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

GCMS:

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

MEM:

Minimal essential media

MTT:

3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulfoxide

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Acknowledgements

Authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the management of Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India for providing the research facilities. We are also thankful to the FIST Facility, Department of Physics, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology” via Ref. No SR/FIST/PSI/193/2015.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Col. Dr. Jeppiaar Research Park, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600 119, Tamil Nadu, India

    Angamuthu Vignesh, Kaari Manigundan, Venugopal Gopikrishnan, Manikkam Radhakrishnan & Jerrine Joseph

  2. School of Bioscience and Technology, VIT University, Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632 014, India

    Jayakodi Santhoshkumar

  3. DRDO-BU Centre for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, 641 046, India

    Thangavel Shanmugasundaram

  4. Department of Microbiology, Periyar University, Tamil Nadu, Salem, 636 011, India

    Pudukadu Munusamy Ayyasamy & Ramasamy Balagurunathan

  5. Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA

    Govindaraj Dev Kumar

  6. CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Hyderabad Zonal Centre, IICT-Campus, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 007, India

    Ramakodi Meganathan

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  1. Angamuthu Vignesh
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Vignesh, A., Manigundan, K., Santhoshkumar, J. et al. Microbial degradation, spectral analysis and toxicological assessment of malachite green by Streptomyces chrestomyceticus S20. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 43, 1457–1468 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-020-02339-z

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