Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Transcriptomic responses to aluminum stress in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Molecular Genetics and Genomics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

To help characterize the cellular mechanisms underlying the toxicity of Al to plants, we present the first large-scale, transcriptomic analysis of root responses to Al, using a microarray representing approximately 93% of the predicted genes in the genome of Arabidopsis. More transcripts were responsive to Al (25 μM) during long (48 h, 1,114 genes), as compared to short (6 h, 401 genes) exposures, which contrasts with previous microarray analyses of plant responses to other types of abiotic stress. Exposure to Al triggered changes in the transcript levels for several genes related to oxidative stress pathway, membrane transporters, cell wall, energy, and polysaccharide metabolism. Interestingly, lack of abundance of transcripts encoding TCA cycle enzymes, except for malate dehydrogenase, suggested that synthesis of organic anions in response to Al may not be transcriptionally regulated. Al exposures induced differential abundance of transcripts for several ribosomal proteins, peptidases and protein phosphatases mostly after 48 h. We also detected increased abundance of transcripts for several membrane receptor kinases and non-membrane calcium response kinases, which could play a role in transmission of Al-stress signals. Among Al responsive transcription factors, the most predominant families identified were AP2/EREBP, MYB and bHLH. Further, we studied the kinetics of Al stress responses for class III peroxidases using Q-RT-PCR. Our results indicated that Al triggered dynamic changes in transcript abundance of various peroxidases within 1 h. The results of this screen contribute to the identification of candidate genes for the generation of Al-tolerant transgenic plants.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Anoop VM, Basu U, McCammon MT, McAlister-Henn L, Taylor GJ (2003) Modulation of citrate metabolism alters aluminum tolerance in yeast and transgenic canola overexpressing a mitochondrial citrate synthase. Plant Physiol 132:2205–2217

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bakalovic N, Passardi F, Ioannidis V, Cosio C, Penel C, Falquet L, Dunand C (2006) PeroxiBase: a class III plant peroxidase database. Phytochemistry 67:534–539

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Basu U, Basu A, Taylor GJ (1994) Differential exudation of polypeptides by roots of aluminum-resistant and aluminum-sensitive cultivars of Triticum aestivum L. in response to aluminum stress. Plant Physiol 106:151–158

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Basu U, Good AG, Taylor GJ (2001) Transgenic Brassica napus plants overexpressing aluminum-induced mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase cDNA are resistant to aluminum. Plant Cell Environ 24:1269–1278

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Basu U, Southron JL, Stephens JL, Taylor GJ (2004) Reverse genetic analysis of the glutathione metabolic pathway suggests a novel role of PHGPX and URE2 genes in aluminum resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Genet Genomics 271:627–637

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brosche M, Strid A (1999) Cloning, expression, and molecular characterization of a small pea gene family regulated by low levels of ultraviolet B radiation and other stresses. Plant Physiol 121:479–487

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen LS, Qi YP, Liu XH (2005) Effects of aluminum on light energy utilization and photoprotective systems in citrus leaves. Ann Bot (Lond) 96:35–41

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coutinho PM, Henrissat B (1999) Carbohydrate-active enzymes: an integrated database approach. In: Gilbert HJ, Davies G, Henrissat B, Svensson B (eds) Recent advances in carbohydrate bioengineering. The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, pp. 3–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Coutinho PM, Deleury E, Davies GJ, Henrissat B (2003) An evolving hierarchical family classification for glycosyltransferases. J Mol Biol 328:307–317

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cruz-Ortega R, Cushman JC, Ownby JD (1997) cDNA clones encoding 1,3-beta-glucanase and a fimbrin-like cytoskeletal protein are induced by Al toxicity in wheat roots. Plant Physiol 114:1453–1460

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Czechowski T, Stitt M, Altmann T, Udvardi MK, Scheible WR (2005) Genome-wide identification and testing of superior reference genes for transcript normalization in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 139:5–17

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Degenhardt J, Larsen PB, Howell SH, Kochian LV (1998) Aluminum resistance in the Arabidopsis mutant alr-104 is caused by an aluminum-induced increase in rhizosphere pH. Plant Physiol 117:19–27

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deng W, Luo K, Li D, Zheng X, Wei X, Smith W, Thammina C, Lu L, Li Y, Pei Y (2006) Overexpression of an Arabidopsis magnesium transport gene, AtMGT1, in Nicotiana benthamiana confers Al tolerance. J Exp Bot 57(15):4235–4243

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Devi SR, Yamamoto Y, Matsumoto H (2003) An intracellular mechanism of aluminum tolerance associated with high antioxidant status in cultured tobacco cells. J Inorg Biochem 97:59–68

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deyholos MK, Galbraith DW (2001) High-density microarrays for gene expression analysis. Cytometry 43:229–238

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dixon DP, Skipsey M, Grundy NM, Edwards R (2005) Stress-induced protein S-glutathionylation in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 138:2233–2244

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Doncheva S, Amenos M, Poschenrieder C, Barcelo J (2005) Root cell patterning: a primary target for aluminium toxicity in maize. J Exp Bot 56:1213–1220

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Esposito S, Massaro G, Vona V, Di Martino Rigano V, Carfagna S (2003) Glutamate synthesis in barley roots: the role of the plastidic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Planta 216:639–647

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ermolayev V, Weschke W, Manteuffel R (2003) Comparison of Al-induced gene expression in sensitive and tolerant soybean cultivars. J Exp Bot 54:2745–2756

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guo A, He K, Liu D, Bai S, Gu X, Wei L, Luo J (2005) DATF: a database of Arabidopsis transcription factors. Bioinformatics 21:2568–2569

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guo P, Bai G, Carver B, Li R, Bernardo A, Baum M (2007) Transcriptional analysis between two wheat near-isogenic lines contrasting in aluminum tolerance under aluminum stress. Mol Genet Genomics 277:1–12

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamel F, Breton C, Houde M (1998) Isolation and characterization of wheat aluminum-regulated genes: possible involvement of aluminum as a pathogenesis response elicitor. Planta 205:531–538

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton CA, Good AG, Taylor GJ (2001) Induction of vacuolar ATPase and mitochondrial ATP synthase by aluminum in an aluminum-resistant cultivar of wheat. Plant Physiol 125:2068–2077

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hara S, Motohashi K, Arisaka F, Romano PG, Hosoya-Matsuda N, Kikuchi N, Fusada N, Hisabori T (2006) Thioredoxin-h1 reduces and reactivates the oxidized cytosolic malate dehydrogenase dimer in higher plants. J Biol Chem 281:32065–32071

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayes JE, Ma JF (2003) Al-induced efflux of organic acid anions is poorly associated with internal organic acid metabolism in triticale roots. J Exp Bot 54:1753–1759

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hisabori T, Hara S, Fujii T, Yamazaki D, Hosoya-Matsuda N, Motohashi K (2005) Thioredoxin affinity chromatography: a useful method for further understanding the thioredoxin network. J Exp Bot 56:1463–1468

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoekenga OA, Vision TJ, Shaff JE, Monforte AJ, Lee GP, Howell SH, Kochian LV (2003) Identification and characterization of aluminum tolerance loci in Arabidopsis (Landsberg erecta x Columbia) by quantitative trait locus mapping. A physiologically simple but genetically complex trait. Plant Physiol 132:936–948

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang Y, Deyholos MK (2006) Comprehensive transcriptional profiling of NaCl-stressed Arabidopsis roots reveals novel classes of responsive genes. BMC Plant Biol 6:25

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones DL, Blancaflor EB, Kochian LV, Gilroy S (2006) Spatial coordination of aluminium uptake, production of reactive oxygen species, callose production and wall rigidification in maize roots. Plant Cell Environ 29:1309–1318

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones DL, Gilroy S, Larsen PB, Howell SH, Kochian LV (1998) Effect of aluminum on cytoplasmic Ca2+ homeostasis in root hairs of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.). Planta 206:378–387

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kilili KG, Atanassova N, Vardanyan A, Clatot N, Al-Sabarna K, Kanellopoulos PN, Makris AM, Kampranis SC (2004) Differential roles of tau class glutathione S-transferases in oxidative stress. J Biol Chem 279:24540–24551

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kinraide TB (1990) Assessing the rhizotoxicity of the aluminate ion, Al(OH)(4). Plant Physiol 93:1620–1625

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kinraide TB, Parker DR (1987) Cation amelioration of aluminum toxicity in wheat. Plant Physiol 83:546–551

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kobayashi Y, Koyama H (2002) QTL analysis of Al tolerance in recombinant inbred lines of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Physiol 43:1526–1533

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kochian LV (1995) Cellular mechanisms of aluminum toxicity and resistance in plants. Annu Rev Plant Phys Plant Mol Biol 46:237–260

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kochian LV, Hoekenga OA, Pineros MA (2004) How do crop plants tolerate acid soils? Mechanisms of aluminum tolerance and phosphorous efficiency. Annu Rev Plant Biol 55:459–493

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kreps JA, Wu Y, Chang HS, Zhu T, Wang X, Harper JF (2002) Transcriptome changes for Arabidopsis in response to salt, osmotic, and cold stress. Plant Physiol 130:2129–2141

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lalonde S, Boles E, Hellmann H, Barker L, Patrick JW, Frommer WB, Ward JM (1999) The dual function of sugar carriers. Transport and sugar sensing. Plant Cell 11:707–726

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Larsen PB, Geisler MJ, Jones CA, Williams KM, Cancel JD (2005) ALS3 encodes a phloem-localized ABC transporter-like protein that is required for aluminum tolerance in Arabidopsis. Plant J 41:353–363

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD (2001) Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods 25:402–408

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ma JF, Ryan PR, Delhaize E (2001) Aluminium tolerance in plants and the complexing role of organic acids. Trends Plant Sci 6:273–278

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mao C, Yi K, Yang L, Zheng B, Wu Y, Liu F, Wu P (2004) Identification of aluminium-regulated genes by cDNA-AFLP in rice (Oryza sativa L.): aluminium-regulated genes for the metabolism of cell wall components. J Exp Bot 55:137–143

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsumoto H (2000) Cell biology of aluminum toxicity and tolerance in higher plants. Int Rev Cytol 200:1–46

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milla MA, Butler E, Huete AR, Wilson CF, Anderson O, Gustafson JP (2002) Expressed sequence tag-based gene expression analysis under aluminum stress in rye. Plant Physiol 130:1706–1716

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mittler R (2002) Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance. Trends Plant Sci 7:405–410

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mittler R, Vanderauwera S, Gollery M, Van Breusegem F (2004) Reactive oxygen gene network of plants. Trends Plant Sci 9:490–498

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moon J, Parry G, Estelle M (2004) The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and plant development. Plant Cell 16:3181–3195

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nieuwland J, Feron R, Huisman BA, Fasolino A, Hilbers CW, Derksen J, Mariani C (2005) Lipid transfer proteins enhance cell wall extension in tobacco. Plant Cell 17:2009–2019

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pardo JM, Cubero B, Leidi EO, Quintero FJ (2006) Alkali cation exchangers: roles in cellular homeostasis and stress tolerance. J Exp Bot 57:1181–1199

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Passardi F, Cosio C, Penel C, Dunand C (2005) Peroxidases have more functions than a Swiss army knife. Plant Cell Report 24:255–265

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pellet DM, Papernik LA, Kochian LV (1996) Multiple aluminum-resistance mechanisms in wheat (roles of root apical phosphate and malate exudation). Plant Physiol 112:591–597

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pujol G, Baskin TI, Casamayor A, Cortadellas N, Ferrer A, Arino J (2000) The Arabidopsis thaliana PPX/PP4 phosphatases: molecular cloning and structural organization of the genes and immunolocalization of the proteins to plastids. Plant Mol Biol 44:499–511

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Quirino BF, Reiter WD, Amasino RD (2001) One of two tandem Arabidopsis genes homologous to monosaccharide transporters is senescence-associated. Plant Mol Biol 46:447–457

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rawlings ND, Tolle DP, Barrett AJ (2004) MEROPS: the peptidase database. Nucleic Acids Res 32:D160–D164

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rea P (1999) MRP subfamily ABC transporters from plants and yeast. J Exp Bot 50:895–913

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richards KD, Schott EJ, Sharma YK, Davis KR, Gardner RC (1998) Aluminum induces oxidative stress genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol 116:409–418

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rozen S, Skaletsky H (2000) Primer3 on the WWW for general users and for biologist programmers. Methods Mol Biol 132:365–386

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ryan P, Delhaize E, Jones D (2001) Function and mechanism of organic anion exudation from plant roots. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 52:527–560

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saeed AI, Sharov V, White J, Li J, Liang W, Bhagabati N, Braisted J, Klapa M, Currier T, Thiagarajan M, Sturn A, Snuffin M, Rezantsev A, Popov D, Ryltsov A, Kostukovich E, Borisovsky I, Liu Z, Vinsavich A, Trush V, Quackenbush J (2003) TM4: a free, open-source system for microarray data management and analysis. Biotechniques 34:374–378

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sasaki M, Yamamoto Y, Matsumoto H (1996) Lignin deposition induced by aluminum in wheat (Triticum aestivum) roots. Physiol Plant 96:193–198

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sasaki T, Yamamoto Y, Ezaki B, Katsuhara M, Ahn SJ, Ryan PR, Delhaize E, Matsumoto H (2004) A wheat gene encoding an aluminum-activated malate transporter. Plant J 37:645–653

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shen H, He LF, Sasaki T, Yamamoto Y, Zheng SJ, Ligaba A, Yan XL, Ahn SJ, Yamaguchi M, Sasakawa H, Matsumoto H (2005) Citrate secretion coupled with the modulation of soybean root tip under aluminum stress. Up-regulation of transcription, translation, and threonine-oriented phosphorylation of plasma membrane H+-ATPase. Plant Physiol 138:287–296

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sivaguru M, Ezaki B, He ZH, Tong H, Osawa H, Baluska F, Volkmann D, Matsumoto H (2003a) Aluminum-induced gene expression and protein localization of a cell wall-associated receptor kinase in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 132:2256–2266

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sivaguru M, Pike S, Gassmann W, Baskin TI (2003b) Aluminum rapidly depolymerizes cortical microtubules and depolarizes the plasma membrane: evidence that these responses are mediated by a glutamate receptor. Plant Cell Physiol 44:667–675

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smalle J, Vierstra RD (2004) The ubiquitin 26S proteasome proteolytic pathway. Annu Rev Plant Biol 55:555–590

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snowden KC, Gardner RC (1993) Five genes induced by aluminum in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots. Plant Physiol 103:855–861

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sugimoto M, Sakamoto W (1997) Putative phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase gene from Arabidopsis thaliana induced by oxidative stress. Genes Genet Syst 72:311–316

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor GJ (1991) Current views of the aluminum stress response: The physiological basis of tolerance. Curr Top Plant Biochem Physiol 10:57–93

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor GJ, McDonald-Stephens JL, Hunter DB, Bertsch PM, Elmore D, Rengel Z, Reid RJ (2000) Direct measurement of aluminum uptake and distribution in single cells of Chara corallina. Plant Physiol 123:987–996

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tchieu JH, Fana F, Fink JL, Harper J, Nair TM, Niedner RH, Smith DW, Steube K, Tam TM, Veretnik S, Wang D, Gribskov M (2003) The PlantsP and PlantsT functional genomics databases. Nucleic Acids Res 31:342–324

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tesfaye M, Temple SJ, Allan DL, Vance CP, Samac DA (2001) Overexpression of malate dehydrogenase in transgenic alfalfa enhances organic acid synthesis and confers tolerance to aluminum. Plant Physiol 127:1836–1844

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tognolli M, Penel C, Greppin H, Simon P (2002) Analysis and expression of the class III peroxidase large gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana. Gene 288:129–138

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tusher VG, Tibshirani R, Chu G (2001) Significance analysis of microarrays applied to the ionizing radiation response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:5116–5121

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tyerman SD, Niemietz CM, Bramley H (2002) Plant aquaporins: multifunctional water and solute channels with expanding roles. Plant Cell Environ 25:173–194

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vij S, Tyagi AK (2007) Emerging trends in the functional genomics of the abiotic stress response in crop plants. Plant Biotechnol J 5:361–380

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Von Uexküll HR, Mutert E (1995) Global extent, development and economic impact of acid soils. In: Date RA, Grundon NJ, Raymet GE, Probert ME (eds) Plant-soil interactions at low pH: principles and management. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 5–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang H, Miyazaki S, Kawai K, Deyholos M, Galbraith DW, Bohnert HJ (2003) Temporal progression of gene expression responses to salt shock in maize roots. Plant Mol Biol 52:873–891

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu Z, Liang F, Hong B, Young JC, Sussman MR, Harper JF, Sze H (2002) An endoplasmic reticulum-bound Ca(2+)/Mn(2+) pump, ECA1, supports plant growth and confers tolerance to Mn(2+) stress. Plant Physiol 130:128–137

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xiong L, Schumaker KS, Zhu JK (2002) Cell signaling during cold, drought, and salt stress. Plant Cell 14(Suppl):S165–S183

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto Y, Kobayashi Y, Devi SR, Rikiishi S, Matsumoto H (2002) Aluminum toxicity is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and the production of reactive oxygen species in plant cells. Plant Physiol 128:63–72

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zaffagnini M, Michelet L, Marchand C, Sparla F, Decottignies P, Le Marechal P, Miginiac-Maslow M, Noctor G, Trost P, Lemaire SD (2007) The thioredoxin-independent isoform of chloroplastic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is selectively regulated by glutathionylation. Febs J 274:212–226

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang WH, Ryan PR, Tyerman SD (2001) Malate-permeable channels and cation channels activated by aluminum in the apical cells of wheat roots. Plant Physiol 125:1459–1472

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Yang C, Li Y, Zheng N, Chen H, Zhao Q, Gao T, Guo H, Xie Q (2007) SDIR1 Is a RING Finger E3 Ligase that positively regulates stress-responsive abscisic acid signaling in Arabidopsis. Plant cell 19:1912–1929

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmermann P, Hirsch-Hoffmann M, Hennig L, Gruissem W (2004) GENEVESTIGATOR. Arabidopsis microarray database and analysis toolbox. Plant Physiol 136:2621–2632

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research was funded by NSERC (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council) Discovery Grant and by Genome Canada.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada

    Manjeet Kumari, Gregory J. Taylor & Michael K. Deyholos

Authors
  1. Manjeet Kumari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Gregory J. Taylor
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Michael K. Deyholos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Manjeet Kumari.

Additional information

Communicated by Stefan Hohmann.

Microarray data are available in the ArrayExpress database as accession: E-MEXP-1071.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

438_2007_316_MOESM1_ESM.xls

Supplemental Table 1. Normalized signal intensity values obtained from eight replicate microarrays at each of 6h and 48h treatment durations. UID: unique identifier specific to this array; AGI: Arabidopsis Genome Initiative gene identified. The suffix of each column header contains the character ‘A’ or ‘B’, where ‘A’ is data derived from control tissues, and ‘B’ is derived from treated tissues (xls 6261 KB)

438_2007_316_MOESM2_ESM.xls

Supplemental Table 2. Validation of microarray with QRT PCR. Selected genes and corrosponding log2 fold change values from microarrays and QRT-PCR are shown here. se: standard error (xls 22 KB)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kumari, M., Taylor, G.J. & Deyholos, M.K. Transcriptomic responses to aluminum stress in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana . Mol Genet Genomics 279, 339–357 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-007-0316-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-007-0316-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation