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Piroplasmosis in an endemic area: analysis of the risk factors and their implications in the control of Theileriosis and Babesiosis in horses

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Abstract

Theileria equi (Laveran 1901) and Babesia caballi (Nuttall and Strickland 1910) are the causative agents of Equine Piroplasmosis (EP), a severe and problematic disease compromising international movement of horses. Infected horses usually become asymptomatic carriers and, for this reason, their movement across borders may become restricted. The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of EP in Southern France and to evaluate risk factors associated with these parasites. In 2002, we performed a complement fixation test (CF) with blood samples from 443 horses stabled at 95 different farms located in the region of Camargue. Two epidemiological questionnaires have been used: one for each single horse (individual and management factors) and one for each place where horses were sampled (environment, presence of other species, etc.) to identify risk factors for seropositivity. T. equi and B. caballi had a seroprevalence of 58 % and 12.9 %, respectively. For T. equi, sex, age, activity, management, and living with or near cattle were identified as risk factors, while for B. caballi, only living in wetlands was recognized as a risk factor in the bivariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, the best model for T. equi included as variables age, breed, and deworming, while the best model for B. caballi included the type of housing during day and the contact with cows.

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Acknowledgments

Many thanks to doctor Pascal Boireau, head of the Animal Health Laboratory—ANSES for the blood analysis and to Benoit Rannou, clinical pathologist at VetAgro-Sup.

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  1. Eleonora Guidi

    Present address: Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy

Authors and Affiliations

  1. VetAgro-Sup, Equine Department, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, 69280, Marcy L’Etoile, France

    Eleonora Guidi

  2. INP-ENVT, Université de Toulouse, 31076, Toulouse, France

    Sophie Pradier

  3. INRA, UMR 1225, Interactions Hôtes Agents Pathogènes, 31076, Toulouse, France

    Sophie Pradier

  4. INRA, UR346, Unité Epidémiologie Animale, 63122, Saint-Genes-Champanelle, France

    Isabelle Lebert

  5. Equine Department, VetAgro Sup, INRA UR346 Unité d’Epidemiologie, 69280, Marcy L’Etoile, France

    Agnes Leblond

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Guidi, E., Pradier, S., Lebert, I. et al. Piroplasmosis in an endemic area: analysis of the risk factors and their implications in the control of Theileriosis and Babesiosis in horses. Parasitol Res 114, 71–83 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-014-4161-9

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