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Cytological diploidization and rapid genome changes of the newly synthesized allotetraploids Cucumis × hytivus

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Abstract

We used a newly synthesized allotetraploid between C. sativus (2n = 2x = 14, n gametic chromosome number, x haploid chromosome number) and C. hystrix (2n = 2x = 24) to study the genomic events in its early generations. Results from cytological characterization of the F1 and the allotetraploid progenies showed that the rate of bivalents in meiotic metaphase I of the F1 was greatly improved by chromosome doubling, and further improved during the selfing process of allopolyploid resulting into relatively diploid-like meiosis. Extensive genomic changes were detected by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis. The changes mainly involved loss of parental restriction fragments and gaining of novel fragments. The total detectable changes were from 11.1 to 32.1%, and the frequency of losing parental fragments was much higher than that of gaining novel fragments. Some of the changes were initiated as early as in the F1 hybrid, whereas others occurred after chromosome doubling (polyploid formation). No significant differences were detected in the reciprocal F1 hybrids and S0 generations. But the data showed that the frequency of sequence losing in C. sativus was about two times higher than in the C. hystrix. Our results demonstrated that the sequence elimination was the major event of genomic changes, and it might provide the physical basis for the diploid-like meiotic behavior in the diploidization of the newly formed allopolyploids. Moreover, the results suggest that the sequence elimination was not caused by cytoplasmic factors, and might relate to genomic recombination and to the numbers of parental chromosome.

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Abbreviations

AFLP:

Amplified fragment length polymorphism

A I:

Anaphase I

CTAB:

Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide

M I:

Metaphase I

MSAP:

Methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

PMC:

Pollen mother cell

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Acknowledgments

This research was partially supported by the General Program 30470120 from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, by the 863 Program 2004AA241120 from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, and by the Ph.D Funding from the Ministry of Education of China.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People’s Republic of China

    Longzheng Chen, Qunfeng Lou, Yong Zhuang, Jinfeng Chen, Xiaoqing Zhang & Joseph N. Wolukau

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  1. Longzheng Chen
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  2. Qunfeng Lou
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  4. Jinfeng Chen
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Correspondence to Jinfeng Chen.

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Chen, L., Lou, Q., Zhuang, Y. et al. Cytological diploidization and rapid genome changes of the newly synthesized allotetraploids Cucumis × hytivus . Planta 225, 603–614 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-006-0381-2

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