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The plant plasma membrane proton pump ATPase: a highly regulated P-type ATPase with multiple physiological roles

  • Ion Channels, Receptors and Transporters
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Abstract

Around 40 P-type ATPases have been identified in Arabidopsis and rice, for which the genomes are known. None seems to exchange sodium and potassium, as does the animal Na+/K+-ATPase. Instead, plants, together with fungi, possess a proton pumping ATPase (H+-ATPase), which couples ATP hydrolysis to proton transport out of the cell, and so establishes an electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane, which is dissipated by secondary transporters using protons in symport or antiport, as sodium is used in animal cells. Additional functions, such as stomata opening, cell growth, and intracellular pH homeostasis, have been proposed. Crystallographic data and homology modeling suggest that the H+-ATPase has a broadly similar structure to the other P-type ATPases but has an extended C-terminal region, which is involved in enzyme regulation. Phosphorylation of the penultimate residue, a Thr, and the subsequent binding of regulatory 14–3–3 proteins result in the formation of a dodecamer (six H+-ATPase and six 14–3–3 molecules) and enzyme activation. This type of regulation is unique to the P-type ATPase family. However, the recent identification of additional phosphorylated residues suggests further regulatory features.

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Abbreviations

H+-ATPase:

proton pump ATPase

TM:

transmembrane segment

ABA:

abscisic acid

MS:

mass spectrometry

PMA2:

Nicotiana plumbaginifolia plasma membrane H+-ATPase isoform 2

AHA2:

Arabidopsis thaliana plasma membrane H+-ATPase isoform 2

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Acknowledgments

G.D. is a postdoctoral researcher from the Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research. The work performed in this laboratory was supported by grants from the Interuniversity Poles of Attraction Program (Belgian State, Scientific, Technical, and Cultural Services) and the Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research.

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  1. Unité de Biochimie Physiologique, Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium

    Geoffrey Duby & Marc Boutry

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Correspondence to Marc Boutry.

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Duby, G., Boutry, M. The plant plasma membrane proton pump ATPase: a highly regulated P-type ATPase with multiple physiological roles. Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol 457, 645–655 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-008-0457-x

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