Abstract
Extensive research in the past decade has significantly broadened our view about the role actin plays in the life of the cell and added novel aspects to actin research. One of these new aspects is the discovery of the existence of nuclear actin which became evident only recently. Nuclear activities including transcriptional activation in the case of all three RNA polymerases, editing and nuclear export of mRNAs, and chromatin remodeling all depend on actin. It also became clear that there is a fine-tuned equilibrium between cytoplasmic and nuclear actin pools and that this balance is ensured by an export–import system dedicated to actin. After over half a century of research on conventional actin and its organizing partners in the cytoplasm, it was also an unexpected finding that the nucleus contains more than 30 actin-binding proteins and new classes of actin-related proteins which are not able to form filaments but had evolved nuclear-specific functions. The actin-binding and actin-related proteins in the nucleus have been linked to RNA transcription and processing, nuclear transport, and chromatin remodeling. In this paper, we attempt to provide an overview of the wide range of information that is now available about actin, actin-binding, and actin-related proteins in the nucleus.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by a grant from the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (Grant Number OTKA K108538 to P.V.). The authors acknowledge Gabriella Tick (BRC Szeged) for her critical reading of the manuscript. We apologize to the authors whose work could not be cited here because of space limitations.
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This study was funded by the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (Grant Number OTKA K108538).
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Kristó, I., Bajusz, I., Bajusz, C. et al. Actin, actin-binding proteins, and actin-related proteins in the nucleus. Histochem Cell Biol 145, 373–388 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00418-015-1400-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00418-015-1400-9