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Effects of CO2 flushing on crystal textures and compositions: experimental evidence from recent K-trachybasalts erupted at Mt. Etna

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Abstract

Changes in magmatic assemblages and crystal stability as a response of CO2-flushing in basaltic systems have rarely been directly addressed experimentally, making the role of CO2 in magma dynamics still controversial and object of scientific debate. We conducted a series of experiments to understand the response of magmas from Etna volcano to CO2 flushing. We performed a first experiment at 300 MPa to synthesize a starting material composed of crystals of some hundreds of µm and melt pools. This material is representative of an initial magmatic assemblage composed of plagioclase, clinopyroxene and a water-undersaturated melt with 1.6 wt% H2O. In a second step, the initial assemblage was equilibrated at 300 and 100 MPa with fluids having different XCO fl2 (CO2/(H2O + CO2)). At low XCO fl2 (< 0.2 to 0.4), plagioclase is completely dissolved and clinopyroxene show dissolution textures. For relatively high XCO fl2 (0.9 at 300 MPa), the flushing of a CO2-rich fluid phase leads to an increase of the amount of clinopyroxene and a decrease of the abundance of plagioclase at 300 MPa. This decrease of plagioclase proportion is associated with a change in An content. Our experiments demonstrate that flushing basaltic systems with fluids may drastically affect crystal textures and phase equilibria depending on proportions of H2O and CO2 in the fluid phase. Since texture and crystal proportions are among the most important parameters governing the rheology of magmas, fluid flushing will also influence magma ascent to the Earth’s surface. The experimental results open new perspectives to decipher the textural and compositional record of minerals observed in volcanic rocks from Mt. Etna, and at the same time offer the basis for interpreting the information preserved in minerals from other basaltic volcanoes erupting magmas enriched in CO2.

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Acknowledgements

MG acknowledges the PhD fellowship and two PhD research grants from the University of Catania. This work was also supported by a FIR 2014 project from UniCt to MV (Grant number 2F119B). F. Vetere wishes to acknowledge the European Research Council (ERC) Consolidator Grant ERC-2013-CoG No. 612776—CHRONOS and Marie Curie Fellowship IEF SolVoM#297880 to Diego Perugini.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Sezione di Scienze della Terra, Corso Italia 57, 95129, Catania, Italy

    Marisa Giuffrida & Marco Viccaro

  2. Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut of Mineralogy, Callinstr. 3, 30167, Hannover, Germany

    Francois Holtz

  3. Università di Perugia, Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Piazza Università 1, Perugia, Italy

    Francesco Vetere

  4. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Catania, Osservatorio Etneo, Piazza Roma 2, 95125, Catania, Italy

    Marco Viccaro

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  1. Marisa Giuffrida
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Correspondence to Marco Viccaro.

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Giuffrida, M., Holtz, F., Vetere, F. et al. Effects of CO2 flushing on crystal textures and compositions: experimental evidence from recent K-trachybasalts erupted at Mt. Etna. Contrib Mineral Petrol 172, 90 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-017-1408-3

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