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Combined iron and magnesium isotope geochemistry of pyroxenite xenoliths from Hannuoba, North China Craton: implications for mantle metasomatism

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Abstract

We present high-precision iron and magnesium isotopic data for diverse mantle pyroxenite xenoliths collected from Hannuoba, North China Craton and provide the first combined iron and magnesium isotopic study of such rocks. Compositionally, these xenoliths range from Cr-diopside pyroxenites and Al-augite pyroxenites to garnet-bearing pyroxenites and are taken as physical evidence for different episodes of melt injection. Our results show that both Cr-diopside pyroxenites and Al-augite pyroxenites of cumulate origin display narrow ranges in iron and magnesium isotopic compositions (δ57Fe = −0.01 to 0.09 with an average of 0.03 ± 0.08 (2SD, n = 6); δ26Mg = − 0.28 to −0.25 with an average of −0.26 ± 0.03 (2SD, n = 3), respectively). These values are identical to those in the normal upper mantle and show equilibrium inter-mineral iron and magnesium isotope fractionation between coexisting mantle minerals. In contrast, the garnet-bearing pyroxenites, which are products of reactions between peridotites and silicate melts from an ancient subducted oceanic slab, exhibit larger iron isotopic variations, with δ57Fe ranging from 0.12 to 0.30. The δ57Fe values of minerals in these garnet-bearing pyroxenites also vary widely (−0.25 to 0.08 in olivines, −0.04 to 0.25 in orthopyroxenes, −0.07 to 0.31 in clinopyroxenes, 0.07 to 0.48 in spinels and 0.31–0.42 in garnets). In addition, the garnet-bearing pyroxenite shows light δ26Mg (−0.43) relative to the mantle. The δ26Mg of minerals in the garnet-bearing pyroxenite range from −0.35 for olivine and orthopyroxene, to −0.34 for clinopyroxene, 0.04 for spinel and −0.68 for garnet. These measured values stand in marked contrast to calculated equilibrium iron and magnesium isotope fractionation between coexisting mantle minerals at mantle temperatures derived from theory, indicating disequilibrium isotope fractionation. Notably, one phlogopite clinopyroxenite with an apparent later metasomatic overprint has the heaviest δ57Fe (as high as 1.00) but the lightest δ26Mg (as low as −1.50) values of all investigated samples. Overall, there appears to be a negative co-variation between δ57Fe and δ26Mg in the Hannuoba garnet-bearing pyroxenite and in the phlogopite clinopyroxenite xenoliths and minerals therein. These features may reflect kinetic isotopic fractionation due to iron and magnesium inter-diffusion during melt–rock interaction. Such processes play an important role in producing inter-mineral iron and magnesium isotopic disequilibrium and local iron and magnesium isotopic heterogeneity in the subcontinental mantle.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Zhuying Chu for Rb–Sr and Sm–Nd isotope analyses at the Institute of Geology and Geophysics (IGG), Chinese Academy of Sciences and Huimin Yu for Fe and Mg isotopes analyses at the Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC). Jifeng Ying is thanked for the helpful discussion. This work was financially supported by the National Science Foundation of China (41373041 and 41673021 to Xin Miao Zhao). Associate editor Franck Poitrasson, Michel Grégoire and one anonymous reviewer are thanked for their thoughtful and constructive reviews which substantially improved the paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 9825, Beijing, 100029, China

    Xin Miao Zhao, Hui Hui Cao, Xue Mi & Hong Fu Zhang

  2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

    Xue Mi

  3. John de Laeter Center, TIGeR, Applied Geology, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6945, Australia

    Noreen J. Evans

  4. CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China

    Yu Han Qi & Fang Huang

  5. State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069, China

    Hong Fu Zhang

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  1. Xin Miao Zhao
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Correspondence to Xin Miao Zhao.

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Communicated by Franck Poitrasson.

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Zhao, X.M., Cao, H.H., Mi, X. et al. Combined iron and magnesium isotope geochemistry of pyroxenite xenoliths from Hannuoba, North China Craton: implications for mantle metasomatism. Contrib Mineral Petrol 172, 40 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-017-1356-y

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