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Voluminous granitic magmas from common basaltic sources

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Abstract

Granitic—rhyolitic liquids were produced experimentally from moderately hydrous (1.7–2.3 wt% H2O) medium-to-high K basaltic compositions at 700 MPa and fO2 controlled from Ni-NiO −1.3 to +4. Amount and composition of evolved liquids and coexisting mineral assemblages vary with fO2 and temperature, with melt being more evolved at higher fO2s, where coexisting mineral assemblages are more plagioclase- and Fe–Ti oxide-rich and amphibole-poor. At fO2 of Ni–NiO +1, typical for many silicic magmas, the samples produce 12–25 wt% granitic–rhyolitic liquid, amounts varying with bulk composition. Medium-to-high K basalts are common in subduction-related magmatic arcs, and near-solidus true granite or rhyolite liquids can form widely, and in geologically significant quantities, by advanced crystallization–differentiation or by low-degree partial remelting of mantle-derived basaltic sources. Previously differentiated or weathered materials may be involved in generating specific felsic magmas, but are not required for such magmas to be voluminous or to have the K-rich granitic compositions typical of the upper continental crust.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Charlie Bacon, Ian Carmichael, Michelle Coombs, and Steve Parman for formal reviews leading to a stronger manuscript. Insightful comments by Jim Beard and an anonymous reviewer of an earlier version of this study prompted us to improve our methods and redo all of the experiments. Jake Lowenstern kindly developed a modified version of VolatileCalc essential for determining experimental fO2 conditions. Robert Oscarson provided expert assistance and guidance with analyses in the USGS Western Region Electron Probe Facility. This research was supported by the US Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program; by National Science Foundation grant EAR-9805079 to Allen Glazner; and by a Martin Fellowship and by Sigma Xi and Geological Society of America research grants to Kent Ratajeski.

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  1. K. Ratajeski

    Present address: Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University, 173480, Bozeman, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Volcano Hazards Program, U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd., Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA

    T. W. Sisson & W. B. Hankins

  2. Department of Geological Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3315, USA

    K. Ratajeski & A. F. Glazner

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  1. T. W. Sisson
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Sisson, T.W., Ratajeski, K., Hankins, W.B. et al. Voluminous granitic magmas from common basaltic sources. Contrib Mineral Petrol 148, 635–661 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-004-0632-9

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