Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Functional and radiological outcome of distal radius fractures stabilized by volar-locking plate with a minimum follow-up of 1 year

  • Handsurgery
  • Published:
Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Introduction

Distal radius fractures (DRF) are the most common fractures of the upper extremities and incidence is expected to continue rising as life expectancy increases. Palmar locking plate stabilizing has since become the standard treatment for dorsally displaced DRF. Main aim of this study was to investigate correlation between radiological and clinical outcome in patients stabilized by palmar locking plate with a minimum follow-up of one year.

Methods

A total of 524 patients with DRF, stabilized using palmar angular stable locking plate fixation were included in the study. Of these, 117 patients had to be excluded and another 177 were not accessible. The study group thus compromised 230 patients who returned for the follow-up investigation and were followed-up clinically and radiologically with a mean follow-up interval of 20 months. Outcome was evaluated using pain, range of motion (ROM) and grip strength parameters. In addition, self-assessment by patients was registered on the QuickDASH, PRWE and Mayo Score. The immediate postoperative and final checkup radiographs were scrutinized for alignment and intra-articular step-off.

Results

Bivariant correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between ulnar variance and QuickDASH (r = 0.18, p = 0.01), grip strength (r = − 0.18, p = 0.04) and Mayo Score (r = − 0.23, p = 0.001). No significant differences could be found between an unacceptable (> 2 mm) and acceptable (< 2 mm) ulnar variance in respect of pain, ROM, grip strength and patient-reported outcome measurements. Age, gender, additional fracture to the ulnar styloid, or type of postoperative immobilization showed no significant or clinical important impact on the final patient-reported outcome. No significant differences in incidence of complications, ROM or loss of reduction could be found in any patients over or under 65 years of age.

Conclusions

Stabilization of DRF by palmar angular stable locking plate is a safe form of treatment and results in a good clinical and radiological outcome with low complication rate. Ulnar variance showed a significant correlation to grip strength, QuickDASH and Mayo Score, but an unacceptable ulnar variance (> 2 mm) was not associated with a worse clinical important outcome. Age (< 65/> 65 years), gender and type of immobilization had no impact on the complication rate or in the final functional or radiological outcome.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. MacIntyre NJ, Dewan N (2016) Epidemiology of distal radius fractures and factors predicting risk and prognosis. J Hand Ther 29:136–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jht.2016.03.003

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Figl M, Weninger P, Liska M et al (2009) Volar fixed-angle plate osteosynthesis of unstable distal radius fractures: 12 months results. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 129:661–669. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-009-0830-z

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Figl M, Weninger P, Jurkowitsch J et al (2010) Unstable distal radius fractures in the elderly patient-volar fixed-angle plate osteosynthesis prevents secondary loss of reduction. J Trauma Inj Infect Crit Care 68:992–998. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0b013e3181b99f71

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Gologan RE, Koeck M, Suda AJ, Obertacke U (2019) %3e 10-year outcome of dislocated radial fractures with concomitant intracarpal lesions as proven by MRI and CT. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 139:877–881. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-019-03186-8

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Esenwein P, Sonderegger J, Gruenert J et al (2013) Complications following palmar plate fixation of distal radius fractures: a review of 665 cases. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 133:1155–1162

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Le ZS, Kan SL, Su LX, Wang B (2015) Meta-analysis for dorsally displaced distal radius fracture fixation: volar locking plate versus percutaneous Kirschner wires. J Orthop Surg Res. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-015-0252-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Wei DH, Raizman NM, Bottino CJ et al (2009) Unstable distal radial fractures treated with external fixation, a radial column plate, or a volar plate: prospective randomized trial. J Bone Jt Surg Ser A 91:1568–1577. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.H.00722

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Quadlbauer S, Pezzei C, Jurkowitsch J et al (2018) Early complications and radiological outcome after distal radius fractures stabilized by volar angular stable locking plate. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 138:1773–1782. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-018-3051-5

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Oka K, Kataoka T, Tanaka H et al (2018) A comparison of corrective osteotomies using dorsal and volar fixation for malunited distal radius fractures. Int Orthop 42:2873–2879. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-018-3972-1

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Martinez-Mendez D, Lizaur-Utrilla A, de Juan-Herrero J (2018) Prospective study of comminuted articular distal radius fractures stabilized by volar plating in the elderly. Int Orthop 42:2243–2248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-018-3903-1

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Twigt B, Bemelman M, Lansink K, Leenen L (2013) Type C distal radial fractures treated with conventional AO plates: an easy and cost-saving solution in a locking plate era. Int Orthop 37:483–488. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-012-1761-9

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Leixnering M, Rosenauer R, Pezzei C et al (2020) Indications, surgical approach, reduction and stabilization techniques of distal radius fractures. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-020-03365-y

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Quadlbauer S, Pezzei C, Jurkowitsch J et al (2016) Early rehabilitation of distal radius fractures stabilized by volar locking plate: a prospective randomized pilot study. J Wrist Surg 06:102–112. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1587317

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Lozano-Calderón SA, Souer S, Mudgal C et al (2008) Wrist mobilization following volar plate fixation of fractures of the distal part of the radius. J Bone Jt Surg Ser A 90:1297–1304. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.G.01368

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Osada D, Kamei S, Masuzaki K et al (2008) Prospective study of distal radius fractures treated with a volar locking plate system. J Hand Surg Am 33:691–700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2008.01.024

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Lameijer CM, ten Duis HJ, van Dusseldorp I et al (2017) Prevalence of posttraumatic arthritis and the association with outcome measures following distal radius fractures in non-osteoporotic patients: a systematic review. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 137:1499–1513. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-017-2765-0

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Arora R, Lutz M, Deml C et al (2011) A Prospective randomized trial comparing nonoperative treatment with volar locking plate fixation for displaced and unstable distal radial fractures in patients sixty-five years of age and older. J Bone Jt Surg Am 93:2146–2153. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.J.01597

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Arora R, Lutz M, Hennerbichler A et al (2007) Complications following internal fixation of unstable distal radius fracture with a palmar locking-plate. J Orthop Trauma 21:316–322. https://doi.org/10.1097/BOT.0b013e318059b993

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Haug LCP, Deml C, Blauth M, Arora R (2011) Dorsal screw penetration following implant removal after volar locked plating of distal radius fracture. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 131:1279–1282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-011-1300-y

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Erhart S, Toth S, Kaiser P et al (2018) Comparison of volarly and dorsally displaced distal radius fracture treated by volar locking plate fixation. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 138:879–885. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-018-2925-x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Quadlbauer S, Pezzei C, Jurkowitsch J et al (2017) Spontaneous radioscapholunate fusion after septic arthritis of the wrist: a case report. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 137:579–584. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-017-2659-1

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Hardman J, Al-Hadithy N, Hester T, Anakwe R (2015) Systematic review of outcomes following fixed angle intramedullary fixation of distal radius fractures. Int Orthop 39:2381–2387. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-015-2763-1

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Hohendorff B, Knappwerth C, Franke J et al (2018) Pronator quadratus repair with a part of the brachioradialis muscle insertion in volar plate fixation of distal radius fractures: a prospective randomised trial. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 138:1479–1485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-018-2999-5

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Hohendorff B, Unglaub F, Spies CK et al (2019) Repair of the pronator quadratus muscle with a part of the brachioradialis muscle insertion in volar plate fixation of a distal radius fracture. Oper Orthop Traumatol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00064-019-0601-0

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Kim JK, Park MG, Shin SJ (2014) What is the minimum clinically important difference in grip strength? Clin Orthop Relat Res 472:2536–2541. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-014-3666-y

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. World Health Organization (1972) Psychogeriatrics. Report of a WHO scientific group. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 507:1–48

    Google Scholar 

  27. Chaudhry H, Kleinlugtenbelt YV, Mundi R et al (2015) Are volar locking plates superior to percutaneous K-wires for distal radius fractures? A meta-analysis. Clin Orthop Relat Res 473:3017–3027

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Beaton DE, Wright JG, Katz JN et al (2005) Development of the QuickDASH: comparison of three item-reduction approaches. J Bone Jt Surg Ser A 87:1038–1046. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.D.02060

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Walenkamp MMJ, de Muinck Keizer R-J, Goslings JC et al (2015) The minimum clinically important difference of the patient-rated wrist evaluation score for patients with distal radius fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res 473:3235–3241. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-015-4376-9

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Hemelaers L, Angst F, Drerup S et al (2008) Reliability and validity of the german version of “the patient-rated wrist evaluation (PRWE)” as an outcome measure of wrist pain and disability in patients with acute distal radius fractures. J Hand Ther 21:366–376. https://doi.org/10.1197/j.jht.2008.03.002

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Cooney WP, Bussey R, Dobyns JH, Linscheid RL (1987) Difficult wrist fractures. Perilunate fracture-dislocations of the wrist. Clin Orthop Relat Res 214:136–147

    Google Scholar 

  32. Veldman PH, Reynen HM, Arntz IE, Goris RJ (1993) Signs and symptoms of reflex sympathetic dystrophy: prospective study of 829 patients. Lancet (London, England) 342:1012–1016

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Crijns TJ, van der Gronde BATD, Ring D, Leung N (2018) Complex regional pain syndrome after distal radius fracture is uncommon and is often associated with fibromyalgia. Clin Orthop Relat Res 476:744–750. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999.0000000000000070

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. Müller ME, Koch P, Nazarian S, Schatzker J (1990) Tibia/Fibula= 4. The comprehensive classification of fractures of long bones. Springer, Berlin, pp 148–191

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  35. Ng CY, McQueen MM (2011) What are the radiological predictors of functional outcome following fractures of the distal radius? J Bone Joint Surg Br 93(B):145–150. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.93B2.25631

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Schmitt R, Pommersberger K (2014) Karpale Funktion und Morphometerie. In: Schmitt R, Lanz U (eds) Bildgebende Diagnostik der Hand, 3rd edn. Thieme, Germany, pp 184–197

    Google Scholar 

  37. Soong M, Earp BE, Bishop G et al (2011) Volar locking plate implant prominence and flexor tendon rupture. J Bone Jt Surg Ser A 93:328–335. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.J.00193

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Schlickum L, Quadlbauer S, Pezzei C et al (2018) Three-dimensional kinematics of the flexor pollicis longus tendon in relation to the position of the FPL plate and distal radius width. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-018-3081-z

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Cohen J (1988) Differences between correlation coefficients. In: Cohen J (ed) Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences, 2nd edn. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, New Jersey, pp 109–145

    Google Scholar 

  40. Weil NL, El Moumni M, Rubinstein SM et al (2017) Routine follow-up radiographs for distal radius fractures are seldom clinically substantiated. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 137:1187–1191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-017-2743-6

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  41. Weschenfelder W, Friedel R, Hofmann GO, Lenz M (2019) Acute atraumatic carpal tunnel syndrome due to flexor tendon rupture following palmar plate osteosynthesis in a patient taking rivaroxaban. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 139:435–438. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-019-03116-8

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Janssen SJ, Teunis T, Guitton TG et al (2015) Do surgeons treat their patients like they would treat themselves? Clin Orthop Relat Res 473:3564–3572. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-015-4304-z

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  43. Fok MWM, Fang CX, Lau TW et al (2018) The status of triangular fibrocartilage complex after the union of distal radius fractures with internal plate fixation. Int Orthop 42:1917–1922. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-018-3793-2

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Diwersi N, Babst R, Link B-C (2016) Miniplates as augmentation implants in osteosynthesis of complex distal radial fractures. Oper Orthop Traumatol 28:402–406. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00064-016-0469-1

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Pillukat T, Fuhrmann R, Windolf J, van Schoonhoven J (2016) Die palmare winkelstabile Plattenosteosynthese bei Extensionsfrakturen des distalen Radius. Oper Orthop Traumatol 28:47–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00064-015-0433-5

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Babikir EME, Al-Maqdassy ED, Hasan K et al (2017) Efficiency of fragment specific fixation plates in the treatment of comminuted distal radial fractures. Int Orthop 41:1763–1769. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-017-3516-0

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Gamba C, Fernandez FAM, Llavall MC et al (2017) Which immobilization is better for distal radius fracture? A prospective randomized trial. Int Orthop 41:1723–1727. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-017-3518-y

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Zhang B, Chang H, Yu K et al (2017) Intramedullary nail versus volar locking plate fixation for the treatment of extra-articular or simple intra-articular distal radius fractures: systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Orthop 41:2161–2169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-017-3460-z

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Quadlbauer S, Pezzei C, Jurkowitsch J et al (2020) Rehabilitation after distal radius fractures - is there a need for immobilization and physiotherapy? Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-020-03367-w

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  50. Alter TH, Sandrowski K, Gallant G et al (2019) Complications of volar plating of distal radius fractures: a systematic review. J Wrist Surg 08:255–262. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1667304

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Vannabouathong C, Hussain N, Guerra-Farfan E, Bhandari M (2019) Interventions for distal radius fractures. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 27:e596–e605. https://doi.org/10.5435/JAAOS-D-18-00424

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Reynolds PJ (2014) The correlation of radiographic outcome to functional outcome following fracture of the distal radius in elderly patients: a literature review. Hand Ther 19:31–39. https://doi.org/10.1177/1758998314527069

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Mulders MAM, Detering R, Rikli DA et al (2018) Association between radiological and patient-reported outcome in adults with a displaced distal radius fracture: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hand Surg Am 43:710–719.e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2018.05.003

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Brogren E, Hofer M, Petranek M et al (2011) Relationship between distal radius fracture malunion and arm-related disability: a prospective population-based cohort study with 1-year follow-up. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 12:9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-12-9

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  55. Grewal R, MacDermid JC (2007) The risk of adverse outcomes in extra-articular distal radius fractures is increased with malalignment in patients of all ages but mitigated in older patients. J Hand Surg Am 32:962–970. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2007.05.009

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Orbay JL, Fernandez DL (2002) Volar fixation for dorsally displaced fractures of the distal radius: a preliminary report. J Hand Surg Am 27:205–215. https://doi.org/10.1053/jhsu.2002.32081

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Orbay JL, Fernandez DL (2004) Volar fixed-angle plate fixation for unstable distal radius fractures in the elderly patient. J Hand Surg Am 29:96–102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Quadlbauer S, Leixnering M, Jurkowitsch J et al (2017) Volar radioscapholunate arthrodesis and distal scaphoidectomy after malunited distal radius fractures. J Hand Surg Am 42:754.e1–754.e8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2017.05.031

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Arora R, Gschwentner M, Krappinger D et al (2007) Fixation of nondisplaced scaphoid fractures: making treatment cost effective. Prospective controlled trial. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 127:39–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-006-0229-z

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Rosenauer R, Pezzei C, Quadlbauer S et al (2020) Complications after operatively treated distal radius fractures. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-020-03372-z

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  61. Keuchel T, Quadlbauer S, Jurkowitsch J et al (2020) Salvage procedure after malunited distal radius fractures and management of pain and stiffness. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-020-03369-8

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  62. Soong M, Van Leerdam R, Guitton TG et al (2011) Fracture of the distal radius: risk factors for complications after locked volar plate fixation. J Hand Surg Am 36:3–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2010.09.033

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Protopsaltis TS, Ruch DS (2008) Volar approach to distal radius fractures. J Hand Surg Am 33:958–965. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2008.04.018

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Rampoldi M, Marsico S (2007) Complications of volar plating of distal radius fractures. Acta Orthop Belg 73:714–719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2014.03.038

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Quadlbauer S, Leixnering M, Rosenauer R et al (2020) Palmar radioscapholunate arthrodesis with distal scaphoidectomy. Oper Orthop Traumatol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00064-020-00651-1

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Bentohami A, De Burlet K, De Korte N et al (2014) Complications following volar locking plate fixation for distal radial fractures: a systematic review. J Hand Surg Eur 39:745–754. https://doi.org/10.1177/1753193413511936

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Roh YH, Lee BK, Noh JH et al (2014) Factors associated with complex regional pain syndrome type I in patients with surgically treated distal radius fracture. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 134:1775–1781. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-014-2094-5

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Üçeyler N, Eberle T, Rolke R et al (2007) Differential expression patterns of cytokines in complex regional pain syndrome. Pain 132:195–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2007.07.031

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Nickel FT, Maihöfner C (2010) Aktuelle Erkenntnisse zur Pathophysiologie des CRPS I. Handchirurgie Mikrochirurgie Plast Chir 42:8–14. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1246211

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Tanl ECT, Janssenl AJM, Roestenbergl P et al (2011) Mitochondrial dysfunction in muscle tissue of complex regional pain syndrome type I patients. Eur J Pain 15:708–715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpain.2010.12.003

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank Rose-Marie Sedlacek for proof reading this article. Without her help, this English publication would not have been possible.

Funding

This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. AUVA Trauma Hospital Lorenz Böhler, European Hand Trauma Center, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, 1200, Vienna, Austria

    Stefan Quadlbauer, Ch. Pezzei, J. Jurkowitsch, R. Rosenauer, A. Pichler, S. Schättin, T. Hausner & M. Leixnering

  2. Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental Und Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, 1200, Vienna, Austria

    Stefan Quadlbauer, R. Rosenauer & T. Hausner

  3. Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria

    Stefan Quadlbauer, R. Rosenauer & T. Hausner

  4. Department for Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020, Salzburg, Austria

    T. Hausner

Authors
  1. Stefan Quadlbauer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ch. Pezzei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. J. Jurkowitsch
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. R. Rosenauer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. A. Pichler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. S. Schättin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. T. Hausner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. M. Leixnering
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Stefan Quadlbauer.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors, their immediate families, and any research foundations with which they are affiliated have not received any financial payments or other benefits from any commercial entity related to the subject of this article.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Ethical review committee

Institutional review board approval was obtained for this study.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Quadlbauer, S., Pezzei, C., Jurkowitsch, J. et al. Functional and radiological outcome of distal radius fractures stabilized by volar-locking plate with a minimum follow-up of 1 year. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 140, 843–852 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-020-03411-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-020-03411-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation