Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Molecular characterization of DICER1-mutated pituitary blastoma

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Acta Neuropathologica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Pituitary blastoma (PitB) has recently been identified as a rare and potentially lethal pediatric intracranial tumor. All cases that have been studied molecularly possess at least one DICER1 pathogenic variant. Here, we characterized nine pituitary samples, including three fresh frozen PitBs, three normal fetal pituitary glands and three normal postnatal pituitary glands using small-RNA-Seq, RNA-Seq, methylation profiling, whole genome sequencing and Nanostring® miRNA analyses; an extended series of 21 pituitary samples was used for validation purposes. These analyses demonstrated that DICER1 RNase IIIb hotspot mutations in PitBs induced improper processing of miRNA precursors, resulting in aberrant 5p-derived miRNA products and a skewed distribution of miRNAs favoring mature 3p over 5p miRNAs. This led to dysregulation of hundreds of 5p and 3p miRNAs and concomitant dysregulation of numerous mRNA targets. Gene expression analysis revealed PRAME as the most significantly upregulated gene (500-fold increase). PRAME is a member of the Retinoic Acid Receptor (RAR) signaling pathway and in PitBs, the RAR, WNT and NOTCH pathways are dysregulated. Cancer Hallmarks analysis showed that PI3K pathway is activated in the tumors. Whole genome sequencing demonstrated a quiet genome with very few somatic alterations. The comparison of methylation profiles to publicly available data from ~ 3000 other central nervous system tumors revealed that PitBs have a distinct methylation profile compared to all other tumors, including pituitary adenomas. In conclusion, this comprehensive characterization of DICER1-related PitB revealed key molecular underpinnings of PitB and identified pathways that could potentially be exploited in the treatment of this tumor.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

adapted from ref [23]. Consistent with activation of WNT and NOTCH pathways in PitB and normal fetal pituitary (NFP) samples, these samples show higher level of undifferentiated cells compared to normal postnatal pituitary (NPP) samples. PitB samples have lower level of differentiated cells compared to both NPP and NFP samples (see Online Resource 11 for a full list of the genes which were selected from the list of mouse genes listed in ref [10])

Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Anders S, Pyl PT, Huber W (2015) HTSeq–a Python framework to work with high-throughput sequencing data. Bioinformatics 31:166–169. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu638

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Andrews S, FastQC (2019) A Quality Control tool for High Throughput Sequence Data. http://www.bioinformaticsbabrahamacuk/projects/fastqc/: Doi citeulike-article-id:11583827

  3. Anglesio M, Wang Y, Yang W, Senz J, Wan A, Heravi-Moussavi A et al (2012) Cancer-associated somatic DICER1 hotspot mutations cause defective miRNA processing and reverse strand expression bias to predominantly mature 3p strands through loss of 5p strand cleavage. J Pathol 229:400–409. https://doi.org/10.1002/path.4135

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Aryee MJ, Jaffe AE, Corrada-Bravo H, Ladd-Acosta C, Feinberg AP, Hansen KD et al (2014) Minfi: a flexible and comprehensive Bioconductor package for the analysis of Infinium DNA methylation microarrays. Bioinformatics 30:1363–1369. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu049

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Boeva V, Popova T, Bleakley K, Chiche P, Cappo J, Schleiermacher G et al (2012) Control-FREEC: a tool for assessing copy number and allelic content using next-generation sequencing data. Bioinformatics 28:423–425. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btr670

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Bolger AM, Lohse M, Usadel B (2014) Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data. Bioinformatics 30:2114–2120. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu170

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Boon K, Edwards JB, Siu IM, Olschner D, Eberhart CG, Marra MA et al (2003) Comparison of medulloblastoma and normal neural transcriptomes identifies a restricted set of activated genes. Oncogene 22:7687–7694. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1207043

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Capper D, Jones DTW, Sill M, Hovestadt V, Schrimpf D, Sturm D et al (2018) DNA methylation-based classification of central nervous system tumours. Nature 555:469–474. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature26000

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Chen J, Wang Y, McMonechy MK, Anglesio MS, Yang W, Senz J et al (2015) Recurrent DICER1 hotspot mutations in endometrial tumours and their impact on microRNA biogenesis. J Pathol 237:215–225. https://doi.org/10.1002/path.4569

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Cheung LYM, George AS, McGee SR, Daly AZ, Brinkmeier ML, Ellsworth BS et al (2018) Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals novel markers of male pituitary stem cells and hormone-producing cell types. Endocrinology 159:3910–3924. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2018-00750

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Davis SW, Castinetti F, Carvalho LR, Ellsworth BS, Potok MA, Lyons RH et al (2010) Molecular mechanisms of pituitary organogenesis: In search of novel regulatory genes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 323:4–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2009.12.012

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. de Kock L, Priest JR, Foulkes WD, Alexandrescu S (2020) An update on the central nervous system manifestations of DICER1 syndrome. Acta Neuropathol 139:689–701. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-019-01997-y

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. de Kock L, Sabbaghian N, Plourde F, Srivastava A, Weber E, Bouron-Dal Soglio D et al (2014) Pituitary blastoma: a pathognomonic feature of germ-line DICER1 mutations. Acta Neuropathol 128:111–122. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-014-1285-z

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. de Kock L, Wu MK, Foulkes WD (2019) Ten years of DICER1 mutations: Provenance, distribution, and associated phenotypes. Hum Mutat 40:1939–1953. https://doi.org/10.1002/humu.23877

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Devnath S, Inoue K (2008) An insight to pituitary folliculo-stellate cells. J Neuroendocrinol 20:687–691. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.2008.01716.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Epping MT, Wang L, Edel MJ, Carlee L, Hernandez M, Bernards R (2005) The human tumor antigen PRAME is a dominant repressor of retinoic acid receptor signaling. Cell 122:835–847. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2005.07.003

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Foulkes WD, Priest JR, Duchaine TF (2014) DICER1: mutations, microRNAs and mechanisms. Nat Rev Cancer 14:662–672. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc3802

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Gentleman RC, Carey VJ, Bates DM, Bolstad B, Dettling M, Dudoit S et al (2004) Bioconductor: open software development for computational biology and bioinformatics. Genome Biol 5:R80. https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2004-5-10-r80

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Guaraldi F, Storr HL, Ghizzoni L, Ghigo E, Savage MO (2014) Paediatric pituitary adenomas: a decade of change. Horm Res Paediatr 81:145–155. https://doi.org/10.1159/000357673

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Guillerman RP, Foulkes WD, Priest JR (2019) Imaging of DICER1 syndrome. Pediatr Radiol 49:1488–1505. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-019-04429-x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Heravi-Moussavi A, Anglesio MS, Cheng SW, Senz J, Yang W, Prentice L et al (2012) Recurrent somatic DICER1 mutations in nonepithelial ovarian cancers. N Engl J Med 366:234–242. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1102903

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Hill DA, Ivanovich J, Priest JR, Gurnett CA, Dehner LP, Desruisseau D et al (2009) DICER1 mutations in familial pleuropulmonary blastoma. Science 325:965. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1174334

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Ho Y, Hu P, Peel MT, Chen S, Camara PG, Epstein DJ et al (2019) Single cell transcriptomic analysis of the adult mouse pituitary reveals a novel multi-hormone cell cluster and physiologic demand-induced lineage plasticity. Biorxiv 2019:475558. https://doi.org/10.1101/475558

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Horvath E, Coire CI, Kovacs K, Smyth HS (2010) Folliculo-stellate cells of the human pituitary as adult stem cells: examples of their neoplastic potential. Ultrastruct Pathol 34:133–139. https://doi.org/10.3109/01913121003662247

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Horvath E, Kovacs K (2002) Folliculo-stellate cells of the human pituitary: a type of adult stem cell? Ultrastruct Pathol 26:219–228. https://doi.org/10.1080/01913120290104476

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Ikeda H, Lethe B, Lehmann F, van Baren N, Baurain JF, de Smet C et al (1997) Characterization of an antigen that is recognized on a melanoma showing partial HLA loss by CTL expressing an NK inhibitory receptor. Immunity 6:199–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80426-4

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Jessa S, Blanchet-Cohen A, Krug B, Vladoiu M, Coutelier M, Faury D et al (2019) Stalled developmental programs at the root of pediatric brain tumors. Nat Genet 51:1702–1713. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-019-0531-7

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Keil MF, Stratakis CA (2008) Pituitary tumors in childhood: update of diagnosis, treatment and molecular genetics. Expert Rev Neurother 8:563–574. https://doi.org/10.1586/14737175.8.4.563

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Kelberman D, Rizzoti K, Lovell-Badge R, Robinson IC, Dattani MT (2009) Genetic regulation of pituitary gland development in human and mouse. Endocr Rev 30:790–829. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2009-0008

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Khan NE, Bauer AJ, Schultz KAP, Doros L, Decastro RM, Ling A et al (2017) Quantification of thyroid cancer and multinodular Goiter risk in the DICER1 syndrome: a family-based cohort study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 102:1614–1622. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2016-2954

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. Langmead B, Salzberg SL (2012) Fast gapped-read alignment with Bowtie 2. Nat Methods 9:357–359. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.1923

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. Langmead B, Trapnell C, Pop M, Salzberg SL (2009) Ultrafast and memory-efficient alignment of short DNA sequences to the human genome. Genome Biol 10:R25. https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2009-10-3-r25

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. Larkin S, Ansorge O (2000) Development and microscopic anatomy of the pituitary gland. In: Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Boyce A, Chrousos G, de Herder WW, Dungan K, Grossman A, Hershman JM, Hofland J, Kaltsas Get al (eds) Endotext. MDText.com, Inc

  34. Law CW, Chen Y, Shi W, Smyth GK (2014) voom: precision weights unlock linear model analysis tools for RNA-seq read counts. Genome Biol 15:R29. https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2014-15-2-r29

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  35. Liao Y, Smyth GK, Shi W (2014) featureCounts: an efficient general purpose program for assigning sequence reads to genomic features. Bioinformatics 30:923–930. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btt656

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Liberzon A, Birger C, Thorvaldsdottir H, Ghandi M, Mesirov JP, Tamayo P (2015) The molecular signatures database (MSigDB) hallmark gene set collection. Cell Syst 1:417–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cels.2015.12.004

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  37. Lin S, Gregory RI (2015) MicroRNA biogenesis pathways in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 15:321–333. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc3932

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Liu APY, Kelsey MM, Sabbaghian N, Park SH, Deal CL, Esbenshade AJ et al (2020) Clinical outcomes and complications of pituitary blastoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 106:351–363. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa857

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  39. Lopes MBS (2017) The 2017 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the pituitary gland: a summary. Acta Neuropathol 134:521–535. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-017-1769-8

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Mannelli M, Canu L, Ercolino T, Rapizzi E, Martinelli S, Parenti G et al (2018) Diagnosis of endocrine disease: SDHx mutations: beyond pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas. Eur J Endocrinol 178:R11–R17. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-17-0523

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Martin M (2011) Cutadapt removes adapter sequences from high-throughput sequencing reads. EMBnet J 17:10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. McLaren W, Gil L, Hunt SE, Riat HS, Ritchie GR, Thormann A et al (2016) The ensembl variant effect predictor. Genome Biol 17:122. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-016-0974-4

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  43. Mello BP, de Carvalho DD, Campos AH, Soares FA, Amarante-Mendes GP (2013) Regulation of TRAIL expression by PRAME and EZH2 as potential therapeutic target against solid tumors. BMC Proc 7:P10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1753-6561-7-s2-p10

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  44. Moore KL (1977) Developing human: clinically oriented embryology. Saunders, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  45. Oberthuer A, Hero B, Spitz R, Berthold F, Fischer M (2004) The tumor-associated antigen PRAME is universally expressed in high-stage neuroblastoma and associated with poor outcome. Clin Cancer Res 10:4307–4313. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-03-0813

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Oehler VG, Guthrie KA, Cummings CL, Sabo K, Wood BL, Gooley T et al (2009) The preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) inhibits myeloid differentiation in normal hematopoietic and leukemic progenitor cells. Blood 114:3299–3308. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-07-170282

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  47. Paila U, Chapman BA, Kirchner R, Quinlan AR (2013) GEMINI: integrative exploration of genetic variation and genome annotations. PLoS Comput Biol 9:e1003153. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003153

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  48. Priest JR, Watterson J, Strong L, Huff V, Woods WG, Byrd RL et al (1996) Pleuropulmonary blastoma: a marker for familial disease. J Pediatr 128:220–224

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Pugh TJ, Yu W, Yang J, Field AL, Ambrogio L, Carter SL et al (2014) Exome sequencing of pleuropulmonary blastoma reveals frequent biallelic loss of TP53 and two hits in DICER1 resulting in retention of 5p-derived miRNA hairpin loop sequences. Oncogene 33:5295–5302. https://doi.org/10.1038/onc.2014.150

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  50. Rakheja D, Chen KS, Liu Y, Shukla AA, Schmid V, Chang TC et al (2014) Somatic mutations in DROSHA and DICER1 impair microRNA biogenesis through distinct mechanisms in Wilms tumours. Nat Commun 2:4802. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5802

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Rausch T, Zichner T, Schlattl A, Stutz AM, Benes V, Korbel JO (2012) DELLY: structural variant discovery by integrated paired-end and split-read analysis. Bioinformatics 28:i333–i339. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts378

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  52. Ritchie ME, Phipson B, Wu D, Hu Y, Law CW, Shi W et al (2015) limma powers differential expression analyses for RNA-sequencing and microarray studies. Nucleic Acids Res 43:e47. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkv007

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  53. Robinson MD, McCarthy DJ, Smyth GK (2010) edgeR: a Bioconductor package for differential expression analysis of digital gene expression data. Bioinformatics 26:139–140. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp616

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Russell JP, Lodge EJ, Andoniadou CL (2018) Basic research advances on pituitary stem cell function and regulation. Neuroendocrinology 107:196–203. https://doi.org/10.1159/000488393

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Sahakitrungruang T, Srichomthong C, Pornkunwilai S, Amornfa J, Shuangshoti S, Kulawonganunchai S et al (2014) Germline and somatic DICER1 mutations in a pituitary blastoma causing infantile-onset Cushing’s disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99:E1487-1492. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2014-1016

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Scheithauer BW, Horvath E, Abel TW, Robital Y, Park SH, Osamura RY et al (2012) Pituitary blastoma: a unique embryonal tumor. Pituitary 15:365–373. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11102-011-0328-x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Scheithauer BW, Kovacs K, Horvath E, Kim DS, Osamura RY, Ketterling RP et al (2008) Pituitary blastoma. Acta Neuropathol 116:657–666. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-008-0388-9

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Seki M, Yoshida K, Shiraishi Y, Shimamura T, Sato Y, Nishimura R et al (2014) Biallelic DICER1 mutations in sporadic pleuropulmonary blastoma. Cancer Res 74:2742–2749. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-2470

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Srirangam Nadhamuni V, Korbonits M (2020) Novel insights into pituitary tumorigenesis: genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Endocr Rev 41:821–846. https://doi.org/10.1210/endrev/bnaa006

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  60. Tetreault M, Bareke E, Nadaf J, Alirezaie N, Majewski J (2015) Whole-exome sequencing as a diagnostic tool: current challenges and future opportunities. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 15:749–760. https://doi.org/10.1586/14737159.2015.1039516

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Thorvaldsdottir H, Robinson JT, Mesirov JP (2013) Integrative Genomics Viewer (IGV): high-performance genomics data visualization and exploration. Brief Bioinform 14:178–192. https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbs017

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Wang Y, Chen J, Yang W, Mo F, Senz J, Yap D et al (2015) The oncogenic roles of DICER1 RNase IIIb domain mutations in ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors. Neoplasia 17:650–660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neo.2015.08.003

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  63. Zhu X, Gleiberman AS, Rosenfeld MG (2007) Molecular physiology of pituitary development: signaling and transcriptional networks. Physiol Rev 87:933–963. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00006.2006

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This project was supported by the Canadian Cancer Society Research Institute Innovation grant #702071 and the Canadian Institutes for Health Research grant FDN-148390 awarded to WDF and was partially supported by C17 funded by the Childhood Cancer Canada Foundation. LdK was a recipient of a Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship and Delta Kappa Gamma World Fellowship. We thank Alan Spatz MD PhD, Andreas Papadakis PhD and the Georges & Olga Minarik Research Pathology Facility for technical support.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Javad Nadaf and Leanne de Kock contributed equally.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Genetics, The Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote St. Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada

    Javad Nadaf, Leanne de Kock, Anne-Sophie Chong & William D. Foulkes

  2. Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Javad Nadaf, Leanne de Kock, Anne-Sophie Chong, Jiannis Ragoussis & William D. Foulkes

  3. McGill University Genome Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Javad Nadaf & Jiannis Ragoussis

  4. Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Leanne de Kock

  5. Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

    Márta Korbonits

  6. Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

    Paul Thorner

  7. Research Pathology Facility, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Naciba Benlimame

  8. Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Lili Fu & Steffen Albrecht

  9. Birmingham Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

    Andrew Peet

  10. Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

    Andrew Peet

  11. Department of Child Health, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK

    Justin Warner

  12. Diakonie-Klinikum, Stuttgart, Germany

    Oswald Ploner

  13. Department of Pathology and Chulalongkorn GenePRO Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand

    Shanop Shuangshoti

  14. Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Nancy Hamel & William D. Foulkes

  15. Minneapolis, MN, USA

    John R. Priest

  16. Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain

    Barbara Rivera

  17. Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada

    Barbara Rivera & William D. Foulkes

Authors
  1. Javad Nadaf
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Leanne de Kock
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Anne-Sophie Chong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Márta Korbonits
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Paul Thorner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Naciba Benlimame
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Lili Fu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Andrew Peet
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Justin Warner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Oswald Ploner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Shanop Shuangshoti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. Steffen Albrecht
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  13. Nancy Hamel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  14. John R. Priest
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  15. Barbara Rivera
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  16. Jiannis Ragoussis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  17. William D. Foulkes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to William D. Foulkes.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (PDF 1795 KB)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Nadaf, J., de Kock, L., Chong, AS. et al. Molecular characterization of DICER1-mutated pituitary blastoma. Acta Neuropathol 141, 929–944 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-021-02283-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-021-02283-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation