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The role of proteomics in dementia and Alzheimer’s disease

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Abstract

Proteomic analysis enables us to identify dementia-related protein profiles of both genetic and environmental origins. In this review, current proteomics technologies are described including many examples of clinical proteomics studies. Many of these studies present only results of the discovery phase. Progression to the validation phase was achieved by developing more advanced proteomics technologies such as fluorescence two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis or isobaric tagging for relative and absolute protein quantification. These technologies will lead to the design of several new Alzheimer’s disease-related protein panels for the analysis of CSF. On these new panels, established markers such as τ and Aβ42 will be used in combination with novel markers, for example β-2-microglobulin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor 1 and fragments of cystatin C. However, there are still limitations to using proteomic assays. The preparation of homogeneous sample material is difficult due the complexity of brain tissue. Laser capture microdissection and recently developed more sensitive proteomics methods, for example fluorescence saturation labelling, will overcome these limitations. Combining proteomics with approaches at the level of the genome and transcriptome followed by interpretation by systems biology will soon shed further light on dementia-related pathogenesis.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Kerstin Hof of Randox Laboratories (Crumlin, UK) and Claudine Donnelly for their critical proofreading and helpful discussions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Immunology, Institut of Physiology, Medical University Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria

    Maria Zellner

  2. Surgical Research Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria

    Michael Veitinger & Ellen Umlauf

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  1. Maria Zellner
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  2. Michael Veitinger
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  3. Ellen Umlauf
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Correspondence to Maria Zellner.

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Zellner, M., Veitinger, M. & Umlauf, E. The role of proteomics in dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Acta Neuropathol 118, 181–195 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-009-0502-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-009-0502-7

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