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Mitochondrial activity, hemocyte parameters and lipid composition modulation by dietary conditioning in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas

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Abstract

Several parameters can affect membrane lipid composition in bivalves, including diet. Although two fatty acids (FA) 22:6n-3 and 20:5n-3 are essential membrane components, they are sparingly synthesized by bivalves and must be obtained from their diet. Here, effects of dietary modifications of membrane lipid composition were studied at both cellular and subcellular levels in the oyster Crassostrea gigas. To this end, we compared oysters fed two monoalgal diets that differed markedly in their FA composition and a mix of both. As expected, algae impacted phospholipids, in particular 22:6n-3 and 20:5n-3, reflecting differences of dietary microalgae FA composition. Meantime, total saturated FA, total monounsaturated FA, total polyunsaturated FA and total non-methylene-interrupted FA varied little and phospholipid class composition was only slightly affected by diets. Measures made in hemocytes indicated that only mitochondrial membrane potential was affected by diets. Total ROS production as well as mitochondrial superoxide production did not differ with diet. There was no difference in phosphorylating (state 3) and non-phosphorylating (state 4) rates of oxygen consumption rates or in cytochrome c oxidase activity of mitochondria isolated from gills between the three diets. Similarly, neither cytochromes a, b, c or c 1 content nor citrate synthase activities were changed, suggesting that number and morphology of mitochondria were not affected by dietary treatment. These results suggest that oysters could possess high homeostatic capabilities, at both cellular and subcellular levels, to minimize the effect of dietary FA and related membrane lipid FA modifications on mitochondrial functions. These capabilities could be a means to face variations in diet composition in their natural environment and to preserve important oyster physiological functions such as growth and reproduction.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to all co-workers from the Argenton hatchery for taking care of oysters during the experimental conditioning. Many thanks to Nelly Le Goïc for helping in hemolymph sampling and for histochemistry technique explanations, to Marc Long for helping in tissue grinding and lipid analysis, to Caroline Fabioux and Jean-Philippe Beguel for helping in dissections, to Rossana Sussarellu for helping in mitochondria preparations and to Catherine Seguineau for help on enzymatic activities. Tony Dudognon fellowship was funded by the French Research Ministry (Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche). Funding for the experiment was provided by the project in Europole Mer (research consortium on marine science and technology in Brittany, France): LIPIDOMITO.

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  1. Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement Marin, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER, 29280, Plouzané, France

    Tony Dudognon, Christophe Lambert, Michel Auffret, Philippe Soudant & Edouard Kraffe

  2. Laboratoire de Physiologie des Invertébrés, IFREMER, UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER, 29280, Plouzané, France

    Claudie Quere

  3. LEMAR/UMR6539/IUEM, Place Nicolas Copernic, 29280, Plouzané, France

    Edouard Kraffe

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  1. Tony Dudognon
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  2. Christophe Lambert
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  3. Claudie Quere
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  4. Michel Auffret
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  5. Philippe Soudant
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Correspondence to Edouard Kraffe.

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Communicated by G. Heldmaier.

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Dudognon, T., Lambert, C., Quere, C. et al. Mitochondrial activity, hemocyte parameters and lipid composition modulation by dietary conditioning in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas . J Comp Physiol B 184, 303–317 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-013-0800-1

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