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The Genetic Reprogramming of Polyamine Homeostasis During the Functional Assembly, Maturation, and Senescence-Specific Decline of the Photosynthetic Apparatus in Hordeum vulgare

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Abstract

Polyamines (PAs) are ubiquitous aliphatic amines important and, in many cases, essential for plant growth, abiotic stress response, and tolerance. Here we provide evidence for genetic reprogramming of PA homeostasis that occurs during the de-etiolation, maturation, and senescence of the primary leaf in Hordeum vulgare (barley). We analyzed expression levels of key genes in the anabolic and catabolic branches of PA metabolism throughout the life cycle of etioplasts, at all steps of the functional assembly of the photosynthetic apparatus, and during leaf senescence. The changes in the total PAs titer of the leaf were followed throughout the different developmental stages. Furthermore, we align all three stages of the photosynthetic performance (rapid light-dependent de-etiolation, phase of optimal efficiency, and senescence-induced deterioration) with the changes in PA homeostasis. Finally, we focus on two phases during aging (early and late senescence) and we present their bioenergetic (for example, PSII maximal efficiency, ATPase conductivity) and genetic profiles, with emphasis on sensitive parameters that describe this process for the photosynthetic apparatus and PA metabolism, respectively. In conclusion, the fine tuning of PA homeostasis is regulated by the simultaneous genetic reprogramming of the anabolic and catabolic branches of PA metabolism and adjusts all the developmental changes from de-etiolation to maturation and senescence.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Hellenic-German program IKYDA 2007.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece

    Nikolaos E. Ioannidis, Christos Kotakis, Eleni Navakoudis & Kiriakos Kotzabasis

  2. Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 10, 06120, Halle, Germany

    Nikolaos E. Ioannidis, Wiebke Zschiesche, Olaf Barth & Klaus Humbeck

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  1. Nikolaos E. Ioannidis
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  2. Wiebke Zschiesche
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  3. Olaf Barth
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  4. Christos Kotakis
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  5. Eleni Navakoudis
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  6. Klaus Humbeck
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  7. Kiriakos Kotzabasis
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Correspondence to Klaus Humbeck or Kiriakos Kotzabasis.

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Nikolaos E. Ioannidis and Wiebke Zschiesche have contributed equally to this study.

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Ioannidis, N.E., Zschiesche, W., Barth, O. et al. The Genetic Reprogramming of Polyamine Homeostasis During the Functional Assembly, Maturation, and Senescence-Specific Decline of the Photosynthetic Apparatus in Hordeum vulgare . J Plant Growth Regul 33, 77–90 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-013-9387-8

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