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Salicylic Acid-induced Nitric Oxide and ROS Generation Stimulate Ginsenoside Accumulation in Panax ginseng Roots

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Abstract

We evaluated the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in salicylic acid (SA)-induced accumulation of ginsenoside in adventitious roots of Panax ginseng and its mediation by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Related effects of SA on components of the antioxidant system were also sought. Adventitious roots of P. ginseng were grown in suspension culture for 3 weeks in MS medium and treated over 5 days with SA (100 μM) alone, SA in combination with the NO scavenger 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO), or PTIO alone. Nitric oxide, the superoxide anion (O ·−2 ), H2O2, nitrite, nonprotein thiol, and ascorbate were monitored together with ginsenoside, NADPH oxidase activity, and several antioxidant enzymes. Salicylic acid did not inhibit root growth but induced accumulation of ginsenoside, lipid peroxidation, and generation of NO and O ·−2 . It also enhanced activities of NADPH oxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase, including ascorbate peroxidase. These effects were suppressed by PTIO. Salicylic acid also decreased glutathione reductase activity. Inclusion of PTIO with SA decreased the activity of glutathione reductase further. Treatment with SA plus PTIO also decreased nonprotein thiol and ascorbate contents but caused nitrite to overaccumulate. Salicylic acid applied to adventitious roots in culture induced accumulation of ginsenoside in an NO-dependent manner that was mediated by the associated increases in O ·−2 , which gave other antioxidant responses that were dependent on NO.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Ministry of Education and Human Resource Development (MOE), and a Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant funded by the Korean government (MOST) for financial support.

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  1. Rajesh Kumar Tewari

    Present address: Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Horticulture, Chiba University, 648 Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8510, Japan

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  1. Research Center for the Development of Advanced Horticultural Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Republic of Korea

    Rajesh Kumar Tewari & Kee-Yoeup Paek

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Correspondence to Kee-Yoeup Paek.

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Tewari, R.K., Paek, KY. Salicylic Acid-induced Nitric Oxide and ROS Generation Stimulate Ginsenoside Accumulation in Panax ginseng Roots. J Plant Growth Regul 30, 396–404 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-011-9202-3

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