Abstract
In this paper, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out to investigate the cutting performance of beryllium at various temperatures (25 °C, 200 °C, 300 °C, 400 °C). The cutting forces, friction coefficient, stress in the cutting zone, and surface quality as the key indicators are used to characterize the cutting behaviors of beryllium. An important observation is that the tangential force and normal force decrease by 32% and 36%, respectively when the temperature increases from 25 to 200 °C. During the cutting process, it is found that the friction coefficient is minimum at 25 °C and becomes maximum at 200 °C. The friction coefficient starts to decrease from 25 to 300 °C. It is also observed that compressive stress is the main stress state in the shear deformation zone. The maximum stress is up to 9 GPa, and the tensile stress with the maximum value of 5 GPa is mainly distributed in the friction area of the back surface of the workpiece. Furthermore, with an increase in temperature, the compressive stress in the shear deformation zone gradually decreases, and the tensile stress increases. Finally, the distribution of subsurface defects and the crystal structure of the material at different temperatures are analyzed. It is found that the number and the type of defects in the sub-surface layer of the workpiece fluctuate with an increasing temperature. The number of defects becomes the lowest at 300 °C, and there are burrs on the machined surface that are formed at the beginning of cutting.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
L.F. Zheng, X.G. Wang, Y.N. Li, Progress in the Application of Rare Light Metal Beryllium. Mater. Sci. Forum. 977, 261–271 (2020)
L. Shi, Y.S. Xun, F.H. Liu, Development and application of beryllium mirrors in optical systems. Chinese Optics 7, 749–758 (2014). https://doi.org/10.3788/CO.20140705.0749
J. Wang, G. Zhang, N. Chen, A review of tool wear mechanism and suppression method in diamond turning of ferrous materials. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 113, 3027–3055 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-06700-8
A. Khomutov, V. Barabash, V. Chakin, Beryllium for fusion application – recent results. J. Nucl. Mater. 1, 630–637 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01263-1
K. Viacheslav, L. Artem, D. Ed, D. Chris, H. Patrick, S. Roberts (2021), Radiation induced hardening of beryllium during low temperature He implantation. J Nucl Mater. 555,153130
R.W. Li, P. Dong, X. Wang, X.L. Wang, Stress distribution and fracture behavior of beryllium compact tension specimens. Mater. Charact. 59, 173–177 (2008). https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1002-185X.2009.01.022
P. Dong, R.W. Li, Numerical simulation of temperature field and stress field on cutting beryllium. Rare Metal Mat. Eng. 38, 1622–1625 (2009)
L.F. Zheng, X.G. Wang, L.N. Yue, Y.J. Xie, B.P. Wu, J.M. Zhong, Progress in the Application of Rare Light Metal Beryllium. Mater. Sci. Forum. 977, 261–271 (2020)
S.L. Dong, Z.L. Wang, Y.K. Wang, J. Zhang, Micro-EDM drilling of high aspect ratio micro-holes and in situ surface improvement in C17200 beryllium copper alloy. J. Alloys Compd. 727, 1157–1164 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.08.162
A. Sharma, S. Joshi, D. Datta, R. Balasubramaniam, Modeling and analysis of tool wear mechanisms in diamond turning of copper beryllium alloy. J. Manuf. Process. 56, 439–450 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-012-1214-9
W.S. Woo, C.M. Lee, A study on the edge chipping according to spindle speed and inclination angle of workpiece in laser-assisted milling of silicon nitride. Opt. Laser Technol. 99, 351–362 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2017.09.023
P. Zhang, H.W. Zhao, C.L. Shi, L. Zhang, H. Huang, L.Q. Ren, Influence of double-tip scratch and single-tip scratch on nano-scratching process via molecular dynamics simulation. Appl. Surf. Sci. 280, 751–756 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.05.056
X.H. Zhang, D.D. Wen, Z.Y. Shi, S. Li, Z.X. Kang, J. J, Z.C. Zhang, Grinding performance improvement of laser micro-structured silicon nitride ceramics by laser macro-structured diamond wheels. Ceramics Int. 46, 795–802 (2020)
G. Guerrini, A.H.A. Lutey, S.N. Melkote, A. Fortunato, High throughput hybrid laser assisted machining of sintered reaction bonded silicon nitride. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 252, 628–635 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2017.10.019
D.H. Choi, J.R. Lee, N.R. Kang, T.J. Je, E.C. Jeon, Study on ductile mode machining of single-crystal silicon by mechanical machining. Int. J. Mach. Tool. Manu. 113, 1–9 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2016.10.006
S. Goel, X. Luo, R.L. Reuben, Wear mechanism of diamond tools against single crystal silicon in single point diamond turning process. Tribol. Int. 57, 272–281 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2012.06.027
R. Komanduri, L.M. Raff, A review on the molecular dynamics simulation of machining at the atomic scale. P. I. Mech. Eng. B. J. Eng. 215, 1639–1672 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1243/0954405011519484
F.Z. Fang, X.D. Liu, L.C. Lee, Super finishing of brittle materials–Summary of diamond cutting of brittle materials, Nanotechnol. Precis. Eng. 1, 38–47 (2003). https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1672-6030.2003.01.008
F.F. Xu, X.D. Zhang, F.Z. Fang, Surface characteristics of single-point cutting single crystal silicon using diamond tools, Nanotechnol. Precis. Eng. 11, 485–491 (2013). https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1672-6030.2013.06.003
Y.C. Liang, J.X. Chen, Molecular dynamics simulation of nanofabrication and mechanical properties of nanostructures. Acta Metall. Sin. 44, 119–124 (2008). https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:0412-1961.2008.08.009
D. Liu, G. Wang, J.C. Yu, Molecular dynamics simulation on formation mechanism of grain boundary steps in micro-cutting of polycrystalline copper. Comput. Mater. Sci. 126, 3418–3425 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2016.10.001
T.H. Fang, C.I. Weng, J.G. Chang, Molecular dynamics analysis of temperature effects on nanoindentation measurement. Mat. Sci. Eng. A 357, 7–12 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00219-3
C.L. Liu, T.H. Fang, J.F. Lin, Atomistic simulations of hard and soft films under nanoindentation. Mat. Sci. Eng. A 452, 135–141 (2007)
A.C. Lund, A.M. Hodge, C.A. Schuh, Incipient plasticity during nanoindentation at elevated temperatures. Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 1362 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1784891
J.Y. Hsieh, S.P. Ju, S.H. Li, C.C. Hwang, Temperature dependence in nanoindentation of a metal substrate by a diamond-like tip. Phys. Rev. B. 70, 195424 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.70.195424
P.S. Wang, S.L. Lee, J.C. Lin, M.T. Jahn, Effects of solution temperature on mechanical properties of 3190 aluminum casting alloys containing trace beryllium. Journal of Materials Research 15, 2027–2035 (2000)
A. Agrawal, R. Mishra, L. Ward, K. Flores, An embedded atom method potential of beryllium. Modell. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 21, 085001 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1088/0965-0393/21/8/085001
S.F. Cheng, M.O. Robbins, Defining contact at the atomic scale. Tribol. Lett. 39, 329 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-010-9682-5
K. Kremer, G.S. Gr, Dynamics of entangled linear polymer melts: A molecular-dynamics simulation. J. Chem. Phys. 92, 5057–5086 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.458541
C. Bjorkas, N. Juslin, H. Timko, K. Vortler, K. Nordlund, K. Henriksson, P. Erhart, Interatomic potentials for the Be-C-H system. J. Phys. Cond. Matter. 21, 445002 (2009)
S.B, J.O.S, Beryllium (Be) - ScienceDirect. Atomic Energy Levels and Grotrian Diagrams, 301(1975)27–40
H. Dai, S. Li, G. Chen, Comparison of subsurface damages on mono-crystalline silicon between traditional nanoscale machining and laser-assisted nanoscale machining via molecular dynamics simulation. Nucl Instrum Meth B 414, 61–67 (2018)
Z.P. Zhe, Y, Molecular dynamics simulations of nanometric cutting mechanisms of amorphous alloy. Appl. Surf. Sci. 317, 432–442 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.08.031
N. Miyazaki, Y. Shiozaki, Calculation of Mechanical Properties of Solids Using Molecular Dynamics Method. JSME Int J Ser A 39, 606–612 (1996)
J. Yang, K. Komvopoulos, A stress analysis method for molecular dynamics systems. Int. J. Solids Struct. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2020.02.003
A. Stukowski, Visualization and analysis of atomistic simulation data with OVITO–the Open Visualization Tool. Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng 18, 015012 (2010)
Acknowledgments
This research is supported by the National Key Research Projects of China (No. 2018YFB1107603), Aviation fund (No.2019ZE054005), Postdoctoral Foundation of China (No. 2020M680981), Education Department of Liaoning Province Project (No. JYT2020058), Open fund for key national defense laboratories (No. SHSYS201903), Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (2021-MS-264).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kong, X., Wang, W., Wang, M. et al. Influence of temperature on the cutting performance of single-crystal beryllium: a molecular dynamics simulation investigation. Appl. Phys. A 127, 811 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-021-04943-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-021-04943-6