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Effect of cobalt substitution on the multiferroic characteristics of ferroelectric potassium sodium niobate (K0.5Na0.5NbO3) ceramics

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Abstract

The room-temperature multiferroic behavior of cobalt-substituted KNN [K0.5Na0.5Nb1−xCoxO3, 0.02 ≤ x ≤ 0.05] ceramics has been investigated. Both the X-ray diffraction and selected area electron diffraction analysis confirm that all the compositions found to be crystallized in the single phase (Orthorhombic, Amm2) without any formation of cobalt clusters and/or other secondary phases such as Co3O4. Co2+ oxidation state and the presence of oxygen vacancies in the samples have been studied through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic measurements. The changes in the bandgap with the increase of Co concentration in KNN are noticed from UV–Visible absorption spectroscopy. Magnetic measurement on the samples reveals a dominant antiferromagnetic interaction attributed to the Co2+–Co2+ exchange interactions via F0-center and coupling between Co2+–Co2+ through O2−. The existence of exchange bias (EB) effect is also observed in KNaNb1−xCoxO3 (x = 0.03, 0.04, 0.05) samples from the magnetic measurements. In addition, it is found that defect complexes formed between \({\text {Co}^{'''}_{\text{Nb}}}\) and oxygen vacancy lead to the enhanced dielectric, ferro, and piezoelectric properties of K0.5Na0.5Nb1−xCoxO3 ceramics.

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Acknowledgements

One of the authors, K. Shalini would like to thank DST, Govt. of India for the Inspire Grant offer, sanction no (DST/INSPIRE/2015/IF150668). We would like to acknowledge NRIIC, PSG institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore and Surface characterization lab, IIT Kanpur for TEM and XPS facility respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Advanced Functional Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, 620 015, India

    K. Shalini & N. V. Giridharan

  2. International Advanced Research Center for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI), Center for Automotive Energy Materials (CAEM), Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600 113, India

    D. Prabhu

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Correspondence to N. V. Giridharan.

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Shalini, K., Prabhu, D. & Giridharan, N.V. Effect of cobalt substitution on the multiferroic characteristics of ferroelectric potassium sodium niobate (K0.5Na0.5NbO3) ceramics. Appl. Phys. A 124, 866 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-018-2288-8

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