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A 215-yr coral δ18O time series from Palau records dynamics of the West Pacific Warm Pool following the end of the Little Ice Age

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Abstract

The West Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP) is a critical region of the global climate system that is closely linked with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). We have generated two monthly resolved coral δ18O (δ18OCRL) records from a key region of the WPWP, the Republic of Palau (7′N, 135′E). The isotopic time series span the years 1793–2008 and 1899–2008. During the period of overlap, the two records are well correlated at interannual and annual periods. Multiple lines of evidence demonstrate a strong ENSO signal in Palau δ18OCRL. Our records are consistent with previous investigations of twentieth-century tropical Pacific climate variability. We identify a regionally coherent bi-decadal cycle in the WPWP following the termination of the Little Ice Age. The Palau δ18OCRL records show long-term trends towards warming/freshening, suggesting a century scale increase in the strength of the hydrologic cycle associated with the WPWP. Our study represents an important addition to the network of tropical paleo-archives.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to acknowledge support provided by the IAEA Coordinated Research Project ‘Nuclear and isotopic studies of the El Niño phenomenon in the ocean’ for the acquisition of Palau coral cores in 2008. We thank Saber Al-Rousan and Stéphanie Reynaud for assistance with coral drilling as well as Captain Jim Persinger for able vessel support. Dr. Pat Colin generously provided information about coral drilling targets as well as temperature logger data. Analytical costs were supported by U.S. National Science Foundation grant OCE-0941199 and the Stanford University Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry Laboratory.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-4216, USA

    Michael C. Osborne, Robert B. Dunbar & David A. Mucciarone

  2. Department of Earth System Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697-3100, USA

    Ellen Druffel

  3. Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain

    Joan-Albert Sanchez-Cabeza

  4. Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, D.F., Mexico

    Joan-Albert Sanchez-Cabeza

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  1. Michael C. Osborne
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  2. Robert B. Dunbar
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  3. David A. Mucciarone
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  4. Ellen Druffel
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  5. Joan-Albert Sanchez-Cabeza
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Correspondence to Michael C. Osborne.

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Communicated by Geology Editor Prof. Chris Perry

Electronic supplementary material

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338_2014_1146_MOESM1_ESM.eps

ESM Figure S1. Google Earth aerial images of study site (modified from Osborne et al. 2013). a Palau with coral collection sites indicated in red dashed boxes b Ulong Channel located along western barrier reef c Rock Islands located within a restricted embayment. (EPS 8229 kb)

338_2014_1146_MOESM2_ESM.eps

ESM Figure S2. X-ray positive images for Ulong Channel and Rock Islands with 10-year increments displayed. Black lines indicated sampling transects along coral growth axes. (EPS 3935 kb)

338_2014_1146_MOESM3_ESM.eps

ESM Figure S3. Regression results between Palau δ18OCRL records and HadISST at annual resolution. a UC-SST regression. b RI-SST regression. c 30-year sliding correlation between annual δ18OCRL and HadISST (UC in black, RI in grey). (EPS 646 kb)

338_2014_1146_MOESM4_ESM.eps

ESM Figure S4. MTM analyses for a Bali b D’Arrigo 2006 c Guam and d New Caledonia. Resolution = 2, tapers = 3. Smoothed lines equal 99 (dot-dash), 95 (dotted), and 90% (dashed) confidence levels, and numbers indicate frequency cycles year-1 above 90% confidence. All records have been annualized and detrended. As the time span for each record varies, we performed MTM beginning in 1793 (i.e., the start of the UC δ18OCRL record) up to the most recent data point available for each time series. (EPS 1293 kb)

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Osborne, M.C., Dunbar, R.B., Mucciarone, D.A. et al. A 215-yr coral δ18O time series from Palau records dynamics of the West Pacific Warm Pool following the end of the Little Ice Age. Coral Reefs 33, 719–731 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-014-1146-1

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