Abstract
This study aims to optimize the stereological method for estimating left-ventricular (LV) parameters from retrospectively electrocardiography-gated 16-row MDCT and to compare stereological estimations with those by MRI. MDCT was performed in 17 consecutive patients with known or suspected coronary disease. Stereological measurements based on point counting were optimized by determining the appropriate distance between grid points. LV parameters were evaluated by standard CT analysis using a semi-automatic segmentation method. Two independent observers evaluated the reproducibility of the stereological method. End-diastolic volume (EDV) and end-systolic volume (ESV) estimations with a coefficient of error below 5% were obtained in a mean time of 2.3 ± 0.5 min with a point spacing of 25 and 15 pixels, respectively. The intra- and interobserver variability for estimating LV parameters was 2.6–4.4 and 4.9–8.2%, respectively. MRI estimations were highly correlated with those by standard CT analysis (R > 0.82) and stereology (R > 0.84). Stereological method significantly overestimated EDV and ESV compared to MRI (EDV: P = 0.0011; ESV: P = 0.0013), whereas for stroke volume (SV) and ejection fraction (EF), no difference was observed (P > 0.05). For standard CT analysis and MRI, significant differences were found except for SV and EF (EDV: P = 0.0008; ESV: P = 0.0004; EF: P = 0.051; SV: P = 0.064). The time-efficient optimized stereological method enables the reproducible evaluation of LV function from MDCT.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alfakih K, Reid S, Jones T, Sivananthan M (2004) Assessment of ventricular function and mass by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Radiol 14:1813–1822
Barkhausen J, Ruehm SG, Goyen M, Buck T, Laub G, Debatin JF (2000) MR evaluation of ventricular function: true fast imaging with steady-state precession versus fast low-angle shot cine MR imaging—feasibility study. Radiology 219:264–269
Setser RM, Fischer SE, Lorenz CH (2000) Quantification of left ventricular function with magnetic resonance images acquired in real time. J Magn Reson Imaging 12:430–438
Nieman K, Cademartiri F, Lemos PA, Raaijmakers R, Pattynama PM, de Feyter PJ (2002) Reliable noninvasive coronary angiography with fast submillimeter multislice spiral computed tomography. Circulation 106:2051–2054
Kuetner A, Beck T, Drosch T, Kettering K, Heuschmid M, Burgstahler C, Claussen CD, Kopp AF, Schroeder S (2005) Diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive coronary imaging using 16-detector slice spiral computed tomography with 188 ms temporal resolution. J Am Coll Cardiol 45:123–127
Schlosser T, Konorza T, Hunold P, Kühl H, Schmermund A, Barkhausen J (2004) Noninvasive visualization of coronary artery bypass grafts using 16-detector row computed tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol 44:1224–1229
Vanhoenacker PK, Heijenbrok-Kal MH, Van Heste R, Decramer I, Van Hoe LR, Wijns W, Hunink MG (2007) Diagnostic performance of multidetector CT angiography for assessment of coronary artery disease: meta-analysis. Radiology 244:419–428
Juergens KU, Fischbach R (2006) Left ventricular function studied with MDCT. Eur Radiol 16:342–357
Boehm T, Alkadhi H, Roffi M, Willmann JK, Desbiolles LM, Marincek B, Wildermuth S (2004) Time-effectiveness, observer dependence, and accuracy of measurements of left ventricular ejection fraction using 4-channel MDCT. Rofo 176:529–537
Grude M, Juergens KU, Wichter T, Paul M, Fallenberg EM, Muller JG, Heindel W, Breithardt G, Fischbach R (2003) Evaluation of global left ventricular myocardial function with electrocardiogram-gated multidetector computed tomography. Comparison with magnetic resonance imaging. Invest Radiol 38:653–661
Dewey M, Müller M, Teige F, Hamm B (2006) Evaluation of a semiautomatic software tool for left ventricular function analysis with 16-slice computed tomography. Eur Radiol 16:25–31
Dewey M, Müller M, Eddicks S, Schnapauff D, Teige F, Rutsch W, Borges AC, Hamm B (2006) Evaluation of global and regional left ventricular function with 16-slice computed tomography, biplane cineventriculography, and two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography. Comparison with magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol 48:2034–2044
Juergens KU, Grude M, Maintz D, Fallenberg EM, Wichter T, Heindel W, Fischbach R (2004) Multi-detector row CT of left ventricular function with dedicated analysis software versus MR imaging: initial experience. Radiology 230:403–410
Juergens KU, Seifarth H, Maintz D, Grude M, Ozgun M, Wichter T, Heindel W, Fischbach R (2006) MDCT determination of volume and function of the left ventricle: are short-axis image reformations necessary? Am J Roentgenol 186:S371–S378
Fischbach R, Juergens KU, Ozgun M, Maintz D, Grude M, Seifarth H, Heindel W, Wichter T (2007) Assessment of regional left-ventricular function with multidetector-row computed tomography versus magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Radiol 17:1009–1017
Koch K, Oellig F, Oberholzer K, Bender P, Kunz P, Mildenberger P, Hake U, Kreitner K, Thelen M (2005) Assessment of right ventricular function by 16-detector-row CT: comparison with magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Radiol 15:312–318
Mahnken AH, Koos R, Katoh M, Spuentrup E, Busch P, Wildberger JE, Kühl HP, Günther RW (2005) Sixteen-slice spiral CT versus MR imaging for the assessment of left ventricular function in acute myocardial infarction. Eur Radiol 15:714–720
Montaudon M, Laffon E, Berger P, Corneloup O, Latrabe V, Laurent F (2006) Measurement of cardiac ventricular volumes using multidetector row computed tomography: comparison of two- and three-dimensional methods. Eur Radiol 16:2341–2349
Lyden PD, Zweifler R, Mahdavi Z, Lonzo L (1994) A rapid, reliable, and valid method for measuring infarct and brain compartment volumes from computed tomographic scans. Stroke 25:2421–2428
Mazonakis M, Karampekios S, Damilakis J, Voloudaki A, Gourtsoyiannis N (2004) Stereological estimation of total intracranial volume on CT images. Eur Radiol 14:1285–1290
Sahin B, Acer N, Sonmez OF, Emizreoglu M, Basaloglu H, Uzun A, Bilgic S (2007) Comparison of four methods for the estimation of intracranial volume: a gold standard study. Clin Anat 20:766–773
Bilgic S, Sahin B, Sonmez OF, Odaci E, Colakoglu S, Kaplan S, Ergur H (2005) A new approach for the estimation of intravertebral disc volume using the Cavalieri principle and computed tomography images. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 107:282–288
Emizreoglou M, Sahin B, Selcuk MB, Kaplan S (2005) The effects of section thickness on the estimation of liver volume by the Cavalieri principle using computed tomography images. Eur J Radiol 56:391–397
Pache JC, Roberts N, Vock P, Zimmermann A, Cruz-Orive LM (1993) Vertical LM sectioning and parallel CT scanning designs for stereology: application to human lung. J Microsc 170:9–24
Mazonakis M, Damilakis J, Varveris H (1998) Bladder and rectum volume estimations using CT and stereology. Comp Med Imag Graph 22:195–201
Roberts N, Cruz-Orive LM, Bourne M, Herfkens RJ, Karwoski RA, Whitehouse GH (1997) Analysis of cardiac function by MRI and stereology. J Microsc 187:31–42
Graves MJ, Dommett DMF (2000) Comparison of cardiac stroke volume measurement determined using stereological analysis of breath-hold cine MRI and phase contrast velocity mapping. Br J Radiol 73:825–832
Cotter D, Miszkiel K, Al-Sarraj S, Wilkinson ID, Paley M, Harrison MJG, Hall-Graggs MA, Everall IP (1999) The assessment of postmortem brain volume; a comparison of stereological and planimetric methodologies. Neuroradiology 41:493–496
Mazonakis M, Damilakis J, Maris T, Prassopoulos P, Gourtsoyiannis N (2002) Comparison of two volumetric techniques for estimating liver volume using magnetic resonance imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 15:557–563
Mazonakis M, Damilakis J, Mantatzis M, Prassopoulos P, Maris T, Varveris H, Gourtsoyiannis N (2004) Stereology versus planimetry to estimate the volume of malignant liver lesions on MR imaging. Magn Reson Imaging 22:1011–1016
Schlosser T, Pagonidis K, Herborn CU, Hunold P, Waltering KU, Lauenstein TC, Barkhausen J (2005) Assessment of left ventricular parameters using 16-MDCT and new software for endocardial and epicardial border delineation. Am J Roentgenol 184:765–773
Gundersen HJG, Jensen EB (1987) The efficiency of systematic sampling in stereology and its prediction. J Microsc 147:229–263
Cruz-Orive LM (1993) Systematic sampling in stereology. Bull Int Stat Inst 55:451–468
Bland JM, Altman DG (1986) Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet I:307–310
Belge B, Coche E, Pasquet A, Vanoverschelde J, Gerber BL (2006) Accurate estimation of global and regional cardiac function by retrospectively gated multidetector row computed tomography. Comparison with cine magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Radiol 16:1424–1433
Halliburton SS, Petersilka M, Schvartzman PR, Obuchowski N, White RD (2003) Evaluation of left ventricular dysfunction using multiphasic reconstructions of coronary multi-slice computed tomography data in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease: validation against cine magnetic resonance imaging. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 19:73–83
Sugeng L, Mor-Avi V, Weinert L, Niel J, Ebner C, Steringer-Mascherbauer R, Schmidt F, Galuschky C, Schummers G, Lang RM, Nesser HJ (2006) Quantitative assessment of left ventricular size and function. Side-by-side comparison of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography and computed tomography with magnetic resonance reference. Circulation 114:654–661
Yamamuro M, Tadamura E, Kubo S, Toyoda H, Nishina T, Ohba M, Hosokawa R, Kimura T, Tamaki N, Komeda M, Kita T, Konishi J (2005) Cardiac functional analysis with multi-detector row CT and segmental reconstruction algorithm: comparison with echocardiography, SPECT, and MR imaging. Radiology 234:381–390
van der Vleuten PA, Willems TP, Götte MJW, Tio RA, Greuter MJW, Zijlstra F, Oudkerk M (2006) Quantification of global left ventricular function: comparison of multidetector computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. A meta-analysis and review of the current literature. Acta Radiol 47:1049–1057
Heuschmid M, Rothfuss JK, Schroeder S, Fenchel M, Stauder N, Burgstahler C, Franow A, Kuzo RS, Kuettner A, Miller S, Claussen CD, Kopp AF (2006) Assessment of left ventricular myocardial function using 16-slice multidetector-row computed tomography: comparison with magnetic resonance imaging and echocardiography. Eur Radiol 16:551–559
Hausleiter J, Meyer T, Hadamitzky M, Huber E, Zankl M, Martinoff S, Kastrati A, Schömig A (2006) Radiation dose estimates from cardiac multislice computed tomography in daily practice. Impact of different scanning protocols on effective dose estimates. Circulation 113:1305–1310
Flohr TG, McCollough CH, Bruder H, Petersilka M, Gruber K, Süss C, Grasruck M, Stierstorfer K, Krauss B, Raupach R, Primak AN, Küttner A, Achenbach S, Becker C, Kopp A, Ohnesorge BM (2006) First performance evaluation of a dual-source CT (DSCT) system. Eur Radiol 16:256–268
Mahnken AH, Hohl C, Suess C, Bruder H, Mühlenbruch G, Das M, Günther RW, Wildberger JE (2006) Influence of heart rate and temporal resolution on left-ventricular volumes in cardiac multislice spiral computed tomography: a phantom study. Invest Radiol 41:429–435
Dewey M, Hoffmann H, Hamm B (2007) CT coronary angiography using 16 and 64 simultaneous detector rows: intraindividual comparison. Rofo 179:581–586
Primak AN, McCollough CH, Bruesewitz MR, Zhang J, Fletcher JG (2006) Relationship between noise, dose, and pitch in cardiac multi-detector row CT. Radiographics 26:1785–1794
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mazonakis, M., Pagonidis, K., Schlosser, T. et al. Stereological estimation of left-ventricular volumetric and functional parameters from multidetector-row computed tomography data. Eur Radiol 18, 1338–1349 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-008-0901-5
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-008-0901-5