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Methane-rich water induces cucumber adventitious rooting through heme oxygenase1/carbon monoxide and Ca2+ pathways

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Methane-rich water triggered adventitious rooting by regulating heme oxygenase1/carbon monoxide and calcium pathways in cucumber explants.

Abstract

Heme oxygenase1/carbon monoxide (HO1/CO) and calcium (Ca2+) were reported as the downstream signals in auxin-induced cucumber adventitious root (AR) formation. Here, we observed that application of methane-rich water (MRW; 80 % saturation) obviously induced AR formation in IAA-depleted cucumber explants. To address the universality, we checked adventitious rooting in soybean and mung bean explants, and found that MRW (50 and 10 % saturation, respectively) exhibited the similar inducing results. To further determine if the HO1/CO system participated in MRW-induced adventitious rooting, MRW, HO1 inducer hemin, its activity inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP), and its catalytic by-products CO, bilirubin, and Fe2+ were used to detect their effects on cucumber adventitious rooting in IAA-depleted explants. Subsequent results showed that MRW-induced adventitious rooting was blocked by ZnPP and further reversed by 20 % saturation CO aqueous solution. However, the other two by-products of HO1, bilirubin and Fe2+, failed to induce AR formation. Above responses were consistent with the MRW-induced increases of HO1 transcript and corresponding protein level. Further molecular evidence indicted that expression of marker genes, including auxin signaling-related genes and cell cycle regulatory genes, were modulated by MRW alone but blocked by the cotreatment with ZnPP, the latter of which could be significantly rescued by the addition of CO. By using the Ca2+-channel blocker and Ca2+ chelator, the involvement of Ca2+ pathway in MRW-induced adventitious rooting was also suggested. Together, our results indicate that MRW might serve as a stimulator of adventitious rooting, which was partially mediated by HO1/CO and Ca2+ pathways.

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Abbreviations

AR:

Adventitious root

ARP:

Adventitious root primordium

BR:

Bilirubin

BV:

Biliverdin IX

CDPK:

Calcium-dependent protein kinase

CH4 :

Methane

CO:

Carbon monoxide

EGTA:

Ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid

HO:

Heme oxygenase

HO1:

Heme oxygenase1

MRW:

Methane-rich water

ZnPP:

Zinc protoporphyrin IX

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (J1210056 and J1310015).

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China

    Weiti Cui, Fang Qi, Yihua Zhang, Hong Cao, Jing Zhang & Wenbiao Shen

  2. Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China

    Ren Wang

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  1. Weiti Cui
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  2. Fang Qi
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  3. Yihua Zhang
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  4. Hong Cao
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  5. Jing Zhang
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  6. Ren Wang
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  7. Wenbiao Shen
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Correspondence to Wenbiao Shen.

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Communicated by Chun-Hai Dong.

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Cui, W., Qi, F., Zhang, Y. et al. Methane-rich water induces cucumber adventitious rooting through heme oxygenase1/carbon monoxide and Ca2+ pathways. Plant Cell Rep 34, 435–445 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-014-1723-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-014-1723-3

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