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Arabidopsis Brassinosteroid-overproducing gulliver3-D/dwarf4-D mutants exhibit altered responses to Jasmonic acid and pathogen

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Abstract

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Arabidopsis gulliver3 - D/dwarf4 - D displays growth-promoting phenotypes due to activation tagging of a key brassinosteroid biosynthetic gene DWARF4. In gul3-D/dwf4-D , the Jasmonate and Salicylate signaling pathways were relatively activated and suppressed, respectively.

Abstract

Energy allocation between growth and defense is elegantly balanced to achieve optimal development in plants. Brassinosteroids (BRs), steroidal hormones essential for plant growth, are regulated by other plant hormones, including auxin and jasmonates (JA); auxin stimulates the expression of a key brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthetic gene, DWARF4 (DWF4), whereas JA represses it. To better understand the interaction mechanisms between growth and defense, we isolated a fast-growing mutant, gulliver3-D (gul3-D), that resulted from the activation tagging of DWF4, and examined the response of this mutant to defense signals, including JA, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst DC3000) infection, and wounding. The degree of root growth inhibition following MeJA treatment was significantly decreased in gul3-1D/dwf4-5D relative to the wild type, suggesting that JA signaling is partially desensitized in gul3-1D. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of the genes involved in JA and salicylic acid (SA) responses, including MYC2, PDF1.2, CORI3, PR1, and PR2, revealed that JA signaling was preferentially activated in gul3-1D, whereas SA signaling was suppressed. As a result, gul3-1D was more susceptible to a biotrophic pathogen, Pst DC3000. Based on our results, we propose a model in which BR and JA cooperate to balance energy allocation between growth and defense responses. In ambient conditions, BRs promote plant growth; however, when stresses trigger JA signaling, JA compromises BR signaling by downregulating DWF4 expression.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank SuJeong Suh for technical assistance and Yanhai Yin for providing the anti-BES1 antibody, and Suguru Takatsuto for supplying deuterium-labeled internal standards. S.D.G. This work was supported by the grants, in part, from the Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program (Plant Molecular Breeding Center No. PJ008051), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea; the Technology Development Program (110033-5) for Agriculture and Forestry, Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Republic of Korea (to SC); the BK21 Research Fellowships, funded by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology of the Korean Government (to BK); and a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (no. 19380069 and 23380066 to SF).

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, Korea

    Bokyung Kim, Mi Kwon, Jihyun Jeon & Sunghwa Choe

  2. RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan

    Shozo Fujioka

  3. Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, 864-1 Iui-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 443-270, Korea

    Sunghwa Choe

  4. Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea

    Sunghwa Choe

Authors
  1. Bokyung Kim
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  2. Shozo Fujioka
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  3. Mi Kwon
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  4. Jihyun Jeon
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  5. Sunghwa Choe
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sunghwa Choe.

Additional information

Communicated by J. R. Liu.

A contribution to the Special Issue: Plant Hormone Signaling.

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Kim, B., Fujioka, S., Kwon, M. et al. Arabidopsis Brassinosteroid-overproducing gulliver3-D/dwarf4-D mutants exhibit altered responses to Jasmonic acid and pathogen. Plant Cell Rep 32, 1139–1149 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-012-1381-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-012-1381-2

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