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2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid promotes somatic embryogenesis in the rose cultivar ‘Livin’ Easy’ (Rosa sp.)

  • Cell Biology and Morphogenesis
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Abstract

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) offers vast potential for the clonal propagation of high-value roses. However, some recalcitrant cultivars unresponsive to commonly employed SE-inducing agents and low induction rates currently hinder the commercialization of SE technology in rose. Rose SE technology requires improvement before it can be implemented as a production system on a commercial scale. In the present work, we assessed 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), a synthetic auxin not previously tested in rose, for its effectiveness to induce SE in the rose cultivar ‘Livin’ Easy’ (Rosa sp.). We ran a parallel comparison to the commonly used 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). We tested each auxin with two different basal media: Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium and woody plant medium (WPM). MS medium resulted in somatic embryo production, whereas WPM did not. 2,4,5-T induced SE over a greater concentration range than 2,4-D's and resulted in significantly greater embryo yields. 2,4,5-T at a concentration of 10 or 25 μM was better for embrygenic tissue initiation than 2,4,5-T at 5 μM. Further embryo development occurred when the tissue was transferred to plant growth regulator (PGR) free medium or media with 40% the original auxin concentration. However, the PGR-free medium resulted in a high percentage of abnormal embryos (32.31%) compared to the media containing auxins. Upon transfer to germination medium, somatic embryos successfully converted into plantlets at rates ranging from 33.3 to 95.2%, depending on treatment. Survival rates 3 months ex vitro averaged 14.0 and 55.6% for 2,4-D- and 2,4,5-T-derived plantlets, respectively. Recurrent SE was observed in 60.2% of the plantlets growing on germination medium. This study is the first report of SE in the commercially valuable rose cultivar ‘Livin’ Easy’ (Rosa sp.) and a suitable methodology was developed for SE of this rose cultivar.

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Abbreviations

2,4,5-T:

2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid

2,4-D:

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

MS medium:

Murashige and Skoog basal medium

WPM medium:

Woody plant medium

PGR:

Plant growth regulator

ET:

Embryogenic tissue

ABA:

Abscisic acid

SAM:

Shoot apical meristem

SE:

Somatic embryogenesis

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Acknowledgements

We thank NSERC for the Postgraduate Industry Scholarship provided to T.E., Weeks Roses for supplying the rose material and PlantSelect Biotechnology Systems Ltd for both financial support and use of their facilities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, Canada

    Tammy Estabrooks & Zhongmin Dong

  2. PlantSelect Biotechnology Systems Ltd., 101 Research Drive, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, B2Y 4T6, Canada

    Robin Browne

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  1. Tammy Estabrooks
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  2. Robin Browne
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  3. Zhongmin Dong
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Correspondence to Zhongmin Dong.

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Communicated by J. Zou

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Estabrooks, T., Browne, R. & Dong, Z. 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid promotes somatic embryogenesis in the rose cultivar ‘Livin’ Easy’ (Rosa sp.). Plant Cell Rep 26, 153–160 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-006-0231-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-006-0231-5

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