Abstract
Nicotine is a harmful pollutant mainly from the waste of tobacco factories. It is necessary to remove nicotine via high efficient strategies such as bioremediation. So far, an increasing number of nicotine degrading strains have been isolated. However, their degrading efficiency and tolerance to high content nicotine is still not high enough for application in real environment. Thus, the modification of nicotine metabolism pathway is obligated and requires comprehensive molecular insights into whole cell metabolism of nicotine degrading strains. Obviously, the development of multi-omics technology has accelerated the mechanism study on microbial degradation of nicotine and supplied more novel strategy of strains modification. So far, three pathways of nicotine degradation, pyridine pathway, pyrrolidine pathway, and the variant of pyridine and pyrrolidine pathway (VPP pathway), have been clearly identified in bacteria. Muti-omics analysis further revealed specific genome architecture, regulation mechanism, and specific genes or enzymes of three pathways, in different strains. Especially, muti-omics analysis revealed that functional modules coexisted in different genome loci and played additional roles on enhanced degradation efficiency in bacteria. Based on the above discovery, genomic editing strategy becomes more feasible to greatly improve bacterial degrading efficiency of nicotine.
Key points
-
An increasing number of nicotine degrading strains have been isolated
-
Multi-omics technology accelerates the mechanism study on microbial degradation of nicotine
-
Genome editing strategy is potential for enhancement modification of nicotine-degrading strains
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alhowail A (2021) Molecular insights into the benefits of nicotine on memory and cognition (Review). Mol Med Rep 23(6):398. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12037
Baitsch D, Sandu C, Brandsch R, Igloi GL (2001) Gene cluster on pAO1 of Arthrobacter nicotinovorans involved in degradation of the plant alkaloid nicotine: cloning, purification, and characterization of 2,6-Dihydroxypyridine 3-Hydroxylase. J Bacteriol 183(18):5262–5267
Bernauer H, Mauch L, Brandsch R (1992) Interaction of the regulatory protein NicR1 with the promoter region of the pAO1-encoded 6-hydroxy-D-nicotine oxidase gene of Arthrobacter oxidans. Mol Microbiol 6(13):1809–1820. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01353.x
Brandsch R (2006) Microbiology and biochemistry of nicotine degradation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 69(5):493–498. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-005-0226-0
Brandsch R, Faller W, Schneider K (1986) Plasmid pAO1 of Arthrobacter oxidans encodes 6-hydroxy-D-nicotine oxidase: cloning and expression of the gene in Escherichia coli. Mol Gen Genet MGG 202(1):96–101. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00330523
Brandsch R, Hinkkanen AE, Mauch L, Nagursky H, Decker K (1987) 6-Hydroxy-D-nicotine oxidase of Arthrobacter oxidans. Gene structure of the flavoenzyme and its relationship to 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine oxidase. Eur J Biochem 167(2):315–320. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1987.tb13338.x
Buerge IJ, Kahle M, Buser H-R, Müller MD, Poiger TJES, Technology (2008) Nicotine derivatives in wastewater and surface waters application as chemical markers for domestic wastewater. Environ Sci Technol 42(17):6354–6360
Civilini M, Domenis C, Sebastianutto N, de Bertoldi M (1997) Nicotine decontamination of tobacco agro-industrial waste and its degradation by micro-organisms. Waste Manag Res 15(4):349–358. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242x9701500403
Cobzaru C, Brandsch R (2008) Steps in uncovering the key enzyme in the degradation of the pyridine ring in the Arthrobacter nicotinovorans. Philosophy 9(4):609–614
Chen D, Tang H, Lv Y, Zhang Z, Shen K, Lin K, Zhao Y-L, Wu G, Xu P (2013) Structural and computational studies of the maleate isomerase from Pseudomonas putida S16 reveal a breathing motion wrapping the substrate inside. Mol Microbiol 87(6):1237–1244. https://doi.org/10.1111/mmi.12163
Chen C, Runqi Z, Xincheng N, Zhenzhen L, Mengmeng G, Daheng Z (2019) Isolation and Degradation Characteristics of an Entophytic Nicotine-degrading Bacterial Strain in Tobacco. Chinese Tobacco Science 40(1):89–97. https://doi.org/10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2019.01.012
Chen Chunmei, Li Xuemei, Yang Jinkui, Gong Xiaowei, Li Bing, Zhang Ke-Qin (2008) Isolation of nicotine-degrading bacterium Pseudomonas sp. Nic22, and its potential application in tobacco processing. Int Biodeterioration Biodegradation 62(3):226–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2008.01.012
Culibrk L, Croft CA, Tebbutt SJ (2016) Systems biology approaches for host-fungal interactions: an expanding multi-omics frontier. OMICS 20(3):127–138. https://doi.org/10.1089/omi.2015.0185
Deng N, Luo D, Zhong J, Zhou J, Tan H (2016) Identification and Degradation Optimization of a High Nicotine Endurance Strain Arthrobacter sp. AH14. J Agric Sci Tech 18(5):62–71 (chinese)
Dondé C, Brunelin J, Mondino M, Cellard C, Rolland B, Haesebaert F (2020) The effects of acute nicotine administration on cognitive and early sensory processes in schizophrenia a systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 118:121–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.07.035
Fitzpatrick PF (2018) The enzymes of microbial nicotine metabolism. Beilstein J Org Chem 14:2295–2307. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.14.204
Gong X, Ma G, Duan Y, Zhu D, Chen Y, Zhang KQ, Yang J (2016) Biodegradation and metabolic pathway of nicotine in Rhodococcus sp. Y22. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 32(11):188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-016-2147-8
Gong XW, Yang JK, Duan YQ, Dong JY, Zhe W, Wang L, Li QH, Zhang KQ (2009) Isolation and characterization of Rhodococcus sp. Y22 and its potential application to tobacco processing. Res Microbiol 160(3):200–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2009.02.004
Gurusamy R, Natarajan S (2013) Current status on biochemistry and molecular biology of microbial degradation of nicotine. ScientificWorldJournal 2013 https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/125385
He C, Huang Y, Liu P, Wei J, Yang Y, Xu L, Xiao M (2019) Transcriptome analysis of genes and metabolic pathways associated with nicotine degradation in Aspergillus oryzae 112822. BMC Genomics 20(1):86. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-019-5446-2
Hongjuan Li, Yanqing Duan, Guanghui Ma, Liping Lei, Ke Qin Zhang, Jinkui Yang (2011) Isolation and characterization of Acinetobacter sp. ND12 capable of degrading nicotine. Afr J Microbiol Res 5(11):1335–1341. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR11.210
Hritcu L, Ionita R, Motei DE, Babii C, Stefan M, Mihasan M (2017) Nicotine versus 6-hydroxy-l-nicotine against chlorisondamine induced memory impairment and oxidative stress in the rat hippocampus. Biomed Pharmacother 86:102–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.008
Huang H, Yu W, Wang R, Li H, Xie H, Wang S (2017) Genomic and transcriptomic analyses of Agrobacterium tumefaciens S33 reveal the molecular mechanism of a novel hybrid nicotine-degrading pathway. Sci Rep 7(1):4813. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-05320-1
Huang H, Shang J, Wang S (2020) Physiology of a hybrid pathway for nicotine catabolism in bacteria. Front Microbiol 11:598207. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.598207
Huang C, Shan L, Chen Z, He Z, Li J, Yang Y, Shu M, Pan F, Jiao Y, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ, Zhong W (2021) Differential effects of homologous transcriptional regulators NicR2A, NicR2B1, and NicR2B2 and endogenous ectopic strong promoters on nicotine metabolism in Pseudomonas sp. Strain JY-Q. Appl Environ Microbiol 87(3) https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02457-20
Hylin JW (1958) Microbial degradation of nicotine. I. Morphology and physiology of Achromobacter nicotinophagum n. sp. J Bacteriol 76(1):36–40
Hylin J.W. (1959) The microbial degradation of nicotine. II. The mode of action of Achromobacter nicotinophagum. Arch Biochem Biophys 83(2):528–537. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(59)90061-X
Igloi GL, Brandsch R (2003) Sequence of the 165-kilobase catabolic plasmid pAO1 from Arthrobacter nicotinovorans and identification of a pAO1-dependent nicotine uptake system. J Bacteriol 185(6):1976–1986. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.6.1976-1986.2003
Jendoubi T (2021) Approaches to integrating metabolomics and multi-omics data: a primer. Metabolites 11(3) https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11030184
Jerke K, Nakatsu CH, Beasley F, Konopka A (2008) Comparative analysis of eight Arthrobacter plasmids. Plasmid 59(2):73–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plasmid.2007.12.003
Jiang YL, Gong JSQ, Chen Y, Hu BB, Sun JF, Zhu YM, Xia ZY, Zou CM (2021) Biodegradation of Nicotine and TSNAs by Bacterium sp. Strain J54. Iran J Biotechnol 19(3):20–27. https://doi.org/10.30498/ijb.2021.240460.2812
Kiani A, Ahmadloo M, Shariatifar N, Moazzen M, Baghani AN, Khaniki GJ, Taghinezhad A, Kouhpayeh A, Mousavi Khaneghah A, Ghajarbeygi P (2018) Method development for determination of migrated phthalate acid esters from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) packaging into traditional Iranian drinking beverage (Doogh) samples: a novel approach of MSPE-GC/MS technique. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 25(13):12728–12738. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1471-y
Li A, Qiu J, Chen D, Ye J, Wang Y, Tong L, Jiang J, Chen J (2017a) Characterization and genome analysis of a nicotine and nicotinic acid-degrading strain pseudomonas putida jq581 isolated from marine. Mar Drugs 15(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/md15060156
Li H, Li C, An L, Deng C, Su H, Wang L, Jiang Z, Zhou J, Wang J, Zhang C, Jin F (2019a) Phthalate esters in bottled drinking water and their human exposure in Beijing, China. Food Addit Contam Part B Surveill 12(1):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/19393210.2018.1495272
Li H, Xie K, Yu W, Hu L, Huang H, Xie H, Wang S (2016) Nicotine dehydrogenase complexed with 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine oxidase involved in the hybrid nicotine-degrading pathway in Agrobacterium tumefaciens S33. Appl Environ Microbiol 82(6):1745–1755. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.03909-15
Li J, Li S, Xie L, Chen G, Zhong W (2021a) Additional role of nicotinic acid hydroxylase for the transformation of 3-succinoyl-pyridine by Pseudomonas sp. JY-Q. Appl Environ Microbiol
Li J, Qian S, Xiong L, Zhu C, Shu M, Wang J, Jiao Y, He H, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ, Zhong W (2017b) Comparative genomics reveals specific genetic architectures in nicotine metabolism of Pseudomonas sp. JY-q Front Microbiol 8:2085. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02085
Li J, Shen M, Chen Z, Pan F, Yang Y, Shu M, Chen G, Jiao Y, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ, Zhong W (2021b) Expression and functional identification of two homologous nicotine dehydrogenases, NicA2 and Nox, from Pseudomonas sp. JY-q Protein Expression and Purification 178:105767. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pep.2020.105767
Li J, Wang J, Li S, Yi F, Xu J, Shu M, Shen M, Jiao Y, Tao F, Zhu C, Zhang H, Qian S, Zhong W (2019b) Co-occurrence of functional modules derived from nicotine-degrading gene clusters confers additive effects in Pseudomonas sp. JY-q Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 103(11):4499–4510. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-019-09800-4
Li J, Yi F, Chen G, Pan F, Yang Y, Shu M, Chen Z, Zhang Z, Mei X, Zhong W (2021c) Function enhancement of a metabolic module via endogenous promoter replacement for Pseudomonas sp. JY-Q to degrade nicotine in tobacco waste treatment. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-021-03566-0
Liu J, Ma G, Chen T, Hou Y, Yang S, Zhang KQ, Yang J (2015) Nicotine-degrading microorganisms and their potential applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 99(9):3775–3785. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-015-6525-1
Liu R, Bao ZX, Zhao PJ, Li GH (2021) Advances in the study of metabolomics and metabolites in some species interactions. Molecules 26(11) https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113311
Lin Z, Deng X, Wang X, Su D, Lei F, Song P (2021) Isolation and Degradation Characteristics of an Entophytic Nicotine-degrading Bacterial Strain in Tobacco. Chinese Tobacco Science 42(1):79–85. https://doi.org/10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2021.01.013 (chinese)
Ma Y, Wen R, Qiu J, Hong J, Liu M, Zhang D (2015) Biodegradation of nicotine by a novel strain Pusillimonas. Res Microbiol 166(2):67–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2014.12.009
Meng XJ, Lu LL, Gu GF, Xiao M (2010) A novel pathway for nicotine degradation by Aspergillus oryzae 112822 isolated from tobacco leaves. Res Microbiol 161(7):626–633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2010.05.017
Mihalache G, Stefan M, Babii C, Motei D, Alexandru MM Steps towards an arthrobacter nicotinovorans based biotechnology for production of 6-hidroxy-nicotine. In: International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference : SGEM, 2016. vol 3.
Mihasan M, Babii C, Aslebagh R, Channaveerappa D, Dupree E, Darie CC (2018) Proteomics based analysis of the nicotine catabolism in Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans pAO1. Sci Rep 8(1):16239. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34687-y
Mihasan M, Brandsch R (2013) pAO1 of Arthrobacter nicotinovorans and the spread of catabolic traits by horizontal gene transfer in gram-positive soil bacteria. J Mol Evol 77(1–2):22–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-013-9576-x
Mihasan M, Boiangiu RS, Guzun D, Babii C, Aslebagh R, Channaveerappa D, Dupree E, Darie CC (2021) Time-dependent analysis of Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans pAO1 nicotine-related proteome. ACS Omega 6(22):14242–14251. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c01020
Mu Y, Chen Q, Parales RE, Lu Z, Hong Q, He J, Qiu J, Jiang J (2020) Bacterial catabolism of nicotine: catabolic strains, pathways and modules. Environ Res 183:109258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.10925
Nana D, Di L, Juan Z, Jinyan Z, Hong T (2016) Identification and degradation optimization of a high nicotine endurance strain Arthrobacter sp. AH14. J of Agri Sci and Technol 18(5):62–71
Pan D, Sun M, Wang Y, Lv P, Wu X, Li QX, Cao H, Hua R (2018) Characterization of Nicotine Catabolism through a Novel Pyrrolidine Pathway in Pseudomonas sp. S-1. J Agric Food Chem 66(28):7393–7401. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01868
Qiu J, Ma Y, Wen Y, Chen L, Wu L, Liu W (2012) Functional Identification of two novel genes from Pseudomonas sp. strain HZN6 involved in the catabolism of nicotine. Appl Environ Microbiol 78(7):2154–2160. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.07025-11
Qiu J, Yang Y, Zhang J, Wang H, Ma Y, He J, Lu Z (2016) The complete genome sequence of the nicotine-degrading bacterium Shinella sp. HZN7. Front Microbiol 7:1348. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01348
Raman G, Mohan K, Manohar V, Sakthivel N (2014) Biodegradation of nicotine by a novel nicotine-degrading bacterium, Pseudomonas plecoglossicida TND35 and its new biotransformation intermediates. Biodegradation 25(1):95–107. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10532-013-9643-4
Rathbone DA, Bruce NC (2002) Microbial transformation of alkaloids. Curr Opin Microbiol 5(3):274–281
Ruan A, Min H, Zhu WEI (2007) Studies on biodegradation of nicotine by Arthrobacter sp. strain HF-2. J Environ Sci Health Part B 41(7):1159–1170. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601230600856934
Ruan A, Gao Y, Fang C, Xu Y (2018) Isolation and characterization of a novel nicotinophilic bacterium, Arthrobacter sp. aRF-1 and its metabolic pathway. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 65(6):848–856. https://doi.org/10.1002/bab.1682
Ruan Aidong, Min Hang, Peng Xiaohui, Huang Zheng (2005) Isolation and characterization of Pseudomonas sp. strain HF-1, capable of degrading nicotine. Res Microbiol 156(5–6):700–706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2005.02.010
Schievelbein H (1982) Nicotine, resorption and fate. Pharmacol Ther 18(2):233–247
Shu M, Fan H, Yang Y, Liu J, Xiong L, Jiao Y, He H, Zhong W (2017) Isolation and identification of nicotine degrading bacteria from waste tobacco extract. Chinese Journal of Microbiology 44(5):1028–1037
Steenkamp DJ, Beinert H (1982) Mechanistic studies on the dehydrogenases of methylotrophic bacteria 2 Kinetic studies on the intramolecular electron transfer in trimethylamine and dimethylamine dehydrogenase. Biochem J 207(2):241–252
Tang H, Wang S, Ma L, Meng X, Deng Z, Zhang D, Ma C, Xu P (2008) A novel gene, encoding 6-hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine hydroxylase, involved in nicotine degradation by Pseudomonas putida strain S16. Appl Environ Microbiol 74(5):1567–1574. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02529-07
Tang H, Wang L, Meng X, Ma L, Wang S, He X, Wu G, Xu P (2009) Novel nicotine oxidoreductase-encoding gene involved in nicotine degradation by Pseudomonas putida strain S16. Appl Environ Microbiol 75(3):772–778. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02300-08
Tang H, Yao Y, Wang L, Yu H, Ren Y, Wu G, Xu P (2012) Genomic analysis of Pseudomonas putida: genes in a genome island are crucial for nicotine degradation. Sci Rep 2:377. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep00377
Tang H, Wang L, Wang W, Yu H, Zhang K, Yao Y, Xu P (2013) Systematic unraveling of the unsolved pathway of nicotine degradation in Pseudomonas. PLoS Genet 9(10):e1003923. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003923
Tang H, Yu H, Tai C, Huang K, Liu Y, Wang L, Yao Y, Wu G, Xu P (2012) Genome Sequence of a Novel Nicotine-Degrading Strain, Pseudomonas geniculata N1. J Bacteriol 194(13):3553–3554
Tian Y, Lin Y, Zhu Z, Fu F, Yang H, Liu H, Zhou H, Guan G, Zhou H, LI J, Lu X (2018) The invention relates to a bacterial strain and a method for degrading nicotine, decomposing tobacco stalk and rotting chicken and pig dung into organic fertilizer. 201810086415.3, (chinese)
Thacker R, Rørvig O, Kahlon P, Gunsalus IC (1978) NIC, a conjugative nicotine-nicotinate degradative plasmid in Pseudomonas convexa. J Bacteriol 135(1):289–290
Thisted T, Biesova Z, Walmacq C, Stone E, Kalnik MW (2019) Optimization of a nicotine degrading enzyme for potential use in treatment of nicotine addiction. BMC Biotechnol 19(1)
Veenstra TD (2021) Omics in systems biology: current progress and future outlook. Proteomics 21(3–4):e2000235. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmic.202000235
Wada E, Yamasaki K (1954) Degradation of nicotine by soil bacteria. J Am Chem Soc 76(1):155–157
Wang X, Bennetzen JL (2015) Current status and prospects for the study of Nicotiana genomics, genetics, and nicotine biosynthesis genes. Mol Genet Genomics 290(1):11–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-015-0989-7
Wang W, Xu P, Tang H (2015) Sustainable production of valuable compound 3-succinoyl-pyridine by genetically engineering Pseudomonas putida using the tobacco waste. Sci Rep 5:16411. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep16411
Wang Meizhen, Yang Guiqin, Wang Xin, Yao Yanlai, Min Hang, Lu Zhenmei (2011) Nicotine degradation by two novel bacterial isolates of Acinetobacter sp. TW and Sphingomonas sp. TY and their responses in the presence of neonicotinoid insecticides. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 27(7):1633–1640. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-010-0617-y
Wang H.H., Yin B., Peng X.X., Wang J.Y., Xie Z.H., Gao J., Tang X.K. (2012) Biodegradation of nicotine by newly isolated Pseudomonas sp. CS3 and its metabolites. J Appl Microbiol 112(2):258–268. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05208.x
Wang R, Yi J, Shang J, Yu W, Li Z, Huang H, Xie H, Wang S (2019) 6-Hydroxypseudooxynicotine dehydrogenase delivers electrons to electron transfer flavoprotein during nicotine degradation by Agrobacterium tumefaciens S33. Appl Environ Microbiol 85(11) https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00454-19
Wang SN, Liu Z, Xu P (2009) Biodegradation of nicotine by a newly isolated Agrobacterium sp. strain S33. J Appl Microbiol 107(3):838–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04259.x
Wang H, Xie C, Zhu P, Zhou NY, Lu Z (2016) Two Novel Sets of Genes Essential for Nicotine Degradation by Sphingomonas melonis TY. Front Microbiol 7:2060. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.02060
White SA, Mathews FS, Rohlfs RJ, Hille R (1994) Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic investigation of electron-transfer flavoprotein from the bacterium Methylophilus W3A1. J Mol Biol 240(3):265–266. https://doi.org/10.1006/jmbi.1994.1440
Xia Z.-Y., Yu Q., Lei L.-P., Wu Y.-P., Ren K., Li Y., Zou C.-M. (2019) A Novel Nicotine-Degrading Bacterium Pseudomonasfluorescens Strain 1206. Appl Biochem Microbiol 55(2):123–128. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0003683819020145
Xu X, Zhou G, Lei K, LeBlanc GA, An L (2019) Phthalate esters and their potential risk in pet bottled water stored under common conditions. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17(1) https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010141
Xue S, Schlosburg JE, Janda KD (2015) A new strategy for smoking cessation: characterization of a bacterial enzyme for the degradation of nicotine. J Am Chem Soc 137(32):10136–10139
Yao Y, Tang H, Ren H, Yu H, Wang L, Xu P (2012) Genome sequence of a nicotine-degrading strain of Arthrobacter. J Bacteriol 194(20):5714–5715 https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.01370-12
Yu H, Tang H, Xu P (2014) Green strategy from waste to value-added-chemical production: efficient biosynthesis of 6-hydroxy-3-succinoyl-pyridine by an engineered biocatalyst. Sci Rep 4:5397. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep05397
Yu H, Tang H, Li Y, Xu P (2015a) Novel genes coding for a molybdenum-containing nicotine hydroxylase in the VPP nicotine degradation pathway. Appl Environ Microbiol 81(24):8330–8338. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02253-15
Yu H, Tang H, Zhu X, Li Y, Xu P (2015b) Molecular mechanism of nicotine degradation by a newly isolated strain, Ochrobactrum sp. strain SJY1. Appl Environ Microbiol 81(1):272–81. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02265-14
Yu W, Li H, Xie K, Huang H, Xie H, Wang S (2016) Genome sequence of the nicotine-degrading Agrobacterium tumefaciens S33. J Biotechnol 228:1–2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.04.029
Yu W, Wang R, Li H, Liang J, Wang Y, Huang H, Xie H, Wang S (2017) Green route to synthesis of valuable chemical 6-hydroxynicotine from nicotine in tobacco wastes using genetically engineered Agrobacterium tumefaciens S33. Biotechnol Biofuels 10:288. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-017-0976-9
Yu Hao, Tang Hongzhi, Wang Lijuan, Yao Yuxiang, Wu Geng, Xu Ping (2011) Complete Genome Sequence of the Nicotine-Degrading Pseudomonas putida Strain S16. J Bacteriol 193(19):5541–5542. https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.05663-11
Yu H, Li Y, Tang H, Xu P (2014) Genome Sequence of a Newly Isolated Nicotine-Degrading Bacterium, Ochrobactrum sp. SJY1. Genome Announc 2(4). https://doi.org/10.1128/genomeA.00720-14
Yuan YJ, Lu ZX, Huang LJ, Bie XM, Lü FX, Li Y (2006) Optimization of a medium for enhancing nicotine biodegradation by Ochrobactrum intermedium DN2. J Appl Microbiol 101(3):691–697. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.02929.x
Yuan Y.J., Lu Z.X., Wu N., Huang L.J., Lü F.X., Bie X.M. (2005) Isolation and preliminary characterization of a novel nicotine-degrading bacterium, Ochrobactrum intermedium DN2. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 56(1):45–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2005.04.002
Zhang H, Zhao R, Huang C, Li J, Shao Y, Xu J, Shu M, Zhong W (2019) Selective and faster nicotine biodegradation by genetically modified Pseudomonas sp. JY-Q in the presence of glucose. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 103(1):339–348. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-9445-z
Zhong. W, Liuze. Z, Yanying. W, Ziliang. H, Zhenyi. H, Weihua. J (2019) Construction and application of fructose metabolism gene deletion strain of Pseudomonas sp. JY-Q. CN201910207861.X,
Zhong W, Zhu C, Shu M, Sun K, Zhao L, Wang C, Ye Z, Chen J (2010) Degradation of nicotine in tobacco waste extract by newly isolated Pseudomonas sp. ZUTSKD Bioresour Technol 101(18):6935–6941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.03.142
Acknowledgements
W.Z. thanks CNSF (National Natural Science Foundation of China) for grants support for this work. W. Z specially appreciates Dr. Alexander Steinbüchel (Editor-in-Chief to AMB) for his encouragement and helpful suggestion for this review.
Funding
This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31970104, 21938012, 31670115).
National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 31970104,Weihong Zhong,21938012,Weihong Zhong,31670115,Weihong Zhong
Ethics approval.
This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Z.Z. wrote the original draft; X.M. and Z.H. collected data and draw the charts; X.X. and C.M. helped to collect data; D.X. and T.H. reviewed and edited the draft; Y.Y. and M.S. outlined the content and reviewed the graft; W.Z. conceived, designed, and edited this manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher's note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, Z., Mei, X., He, Z. et al. Nicotine metabolism pathway in bacteria: mechanism, modification, and application. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 106, 889–904 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-022-11763-y
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-022-11763-y