Abstract
This review covers general information about the eco-friendly process for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) and gold nanoparticles (AuNP) and focuses on mechanism of the antibacterial activity of AgNPs and the anticancer activity of AuNPs. Biomolecules in the plant extract are involved in reduction of metal ions to nanoparticle in a one-step and eco-friendly synthesis process. Natural plant extracts contain wide range of metabolites including carbohydrates, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, and enzymes. A variety of plant species and plant parts have been successfully extracted and utilized for AgNP and AuNP syntheses. Green-synthesized nanoparticles eliminate the need for a stabilizing and capping agent and show shape and size-dependent biological activities. Here, we describe some of the plant extracts involved in nanoparticle synthesis, characterization methods, and biological applications. Nanoparticles are important in the field of pharmaceuticals for their strong antibacterial and anticancer activity. Considering the importance and uniqueness of this concept, the synthesis, characterization, and application of AgNPs and AuNPs are discussed in this review.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aadil KR, Barapatre A, Meena AS, Jha H (2016) Hydrogen peroxide sensing and cytotoxicity activity of Acacia lignin stabilized silver nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 82:39–47. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.09.072
Ahmed KBA, Subramanian S, Sivasubramanian A, Veerappan G, Veerappan A (2014) Preparation of gold nanoparticles using Salicornia brachiata plant extract and evaluation of catalytic and antibacterial activity. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 130:54–58. doi:10.1016/j.saa.2014.03.070
Ahmed S, Ikram S (2015) Silver nanoparticles: one pot green synthesis using Terminalia arjuna extract for biological application. J Nanomed Nanotechnol 6:309. doi:10.4172/2157-7439.1000309
Ahmed S, Saifullah AM, Swami BL, Ikram S (2016) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica aqueous leaf extract. J Radiat Res Appl Sci 9:1–7. doi:10.1016/j.jrras.2015.06.006
Ajitha B, Reddy YAK, Reddy PS (2015) Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Lantana camara leaf extract. Mater Sci Eng C 49:373–381. doi:10.1016/j.msec.2015.01.035
Akhtar MS, Panwar J, Yun YS (2013) Biogenic synthesis of metallic nanoparticles by plant extracts. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 1:591–602. doi:10.1021/sc300118u
Albanese A, Tang PS, Chan WCW (2012) The effect of nanoparticle size, shape, and surface chemistry on biological systems. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 14:1–16. doi:10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071811-150124
Amooaghaie R, Saeri MR, Azizi M (2015) Synthesis, characterization and biocompatibility of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Nigella sativa leaf extract in comparison with chemical silver nanoparticles. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 120:400–408. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.06.025
Arunachalam KD, Arun LB, Annamalai SK, Arunachalam AM (2014) Biofunctionalized gold nanoparticles synthesis from Gymnema sylvestre and its preliminary anticancer activity. Int J Pharm Pharmac Sci 6(4):423–430
Banerjee P, Satapathy M, Mukhopahayay A, Das P (2014) Leaf extract mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from widely available Indian plants: synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial property and toxicity analysis. Bioresour Bioprocess 1:3. doi:10.1186/s40643-014-0003-y
Basavegowda N, Lee YR (2013) Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu) peel extract: a novel approach towards waste utilization. Mater Lett 109:31–33. doi:10.1019/j.matlet2013.07.039
Beyth N, Haddad YH, Domb A, Khan W, Hazan R (2015) Alternative antimicrobial approach: nano-antimicrobial materials. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. doi:10.1155/2015/246012
Cavanagh MH, Burrell RE, Nadworny PL (2010) Evaluating antimicrobial efficacy of new commercially available silver dressings. Int Wound J 7:394–405. doi:10.1111/j.1742-481X.2010.00705.x
Chandrasekaran R, Gnanasekar S, Seetharaman P, Keppanan R, Arockiaswamy W, Sevaperumal S (2016) Formulation of Carica papaya latex-functionalized silver nanoparticles for its improved antibacterial and anticancer applications. J Mol Liq 219:232–238. doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2016.03.038
Choi B, Ahn JH, Lee J, Yoon J, Lee J, Jeon M, Kim DM, Kim DH, Park I, Choi SJ (2015) A bottom-gate silicon nanowire field-effect transistor with functionalized palladium nanoparticles for hydrogen gas sensors. Solid State Electron 114:76–79. doi:10.1016/j.see.2015.07.012
Choi O, Deng KK, Kim N-J, Ross L Jr, Surampalli RY, Hu Z (2008) The inhibitory effect of silver nanoparticles, silver ions and silver chloride colloids on microbial growth. Water Res 42:3066–3074. doi:10.1016/j.waters.2008.02.021
Choudhary MK, Kataria J, Cameotra SS, Singh J (2016) A facile biomimetic preparation of highly stabilized silver nanoparticles derived from seed extract of Vigna radiata and evaluation of their antibacterial activity. Appl Nanosci 6:105–111. doi:10.1007/s13204-015-0418-6
Chung IM, Park I, Kim SH, Thiruvengadam M, Rajakumar G (2016) Plant-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles: their characteristic properties and therapeutic applications. Nanoscale Res Lett 11:40. doi:10.1186/s11671-016-1257-4
Coccia F, Tonucci L, Bosco D, Bressan M, d’Alessandro N (2012) One pot synthesis of lignin-stabilized platinum and palladium nanoparticles and their catalytic behaviors in oxidation and reduction reactions. Green Chem 14:1073–1078. doi:10.1039/c2gc16524d
Cui W, Li J, Zhang Y, Rong H, Lu W, Jiang L (2012) Effects of aggregation and the surface properties of gold nanoparticles on cytotoxicity and cell growth. Nanomedicine: NBM 8(1):46–53. doi:10.1016/j.nano.2011.05.005
Devi RP, Kumar CS, Selvamani P, Subramanian N, Ruckmani K (2015) Synthesis and characterization of Arabic gum capped gold nanoparticles for tumor-targeted drug delivery. Mater Lett 139:241–244. doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2014.10.010
Dhand V, Soumya L, Bhardwaj S, Chakra S, Bhatt D, Sreedhar B (2016) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Coffea arabica seed extract and its antibacterial activity. Mater Sci Eng C 58:36–43. doi:10.1016/j.msec.2015.08.018
Dhamecha D, Jalalpure S, Jadhav K (2016) Nepenthes khasiana mediated synthesis of stabilized gold nanoparticles: characterization and biocompatibility studies. J Photochem Photobiol B 154:108–117. doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.12.002
Dibrov P, Dzioba J, Gosink KK, Hase CC (2002) Chemiosmotic mechanism of antimicrobial activity of Ag+ in Vibrio cholerae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46:2668–2670. doi:10.1128/AAC.46.8.2668-2670.2002
Dong C, Zhou K, Zhang X, Cai H, Xiong G, Cao C, Chen Z (2014) Semen cassia mediated novel route for the preparation of silver nanoparticles. Mater Lett 120:118–121. doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2014.01.039
Dubey SP, Lahtinen M, Sillanpaa M (2010a) Tansy fruit mediated greener synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles. Process Biochem 45:1065–1071. doi:10.1016/j.procbio.2010.03.024
Dubey SP, Lahtinen M, Sillanpaa M (2010b) Green synthesis and characterization of silver and gold nanoparticles using leaf extract of Rosa rugosa. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 364:34–41. doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.04.023
Dwivedi AD, Gopal G (2010) Biosynthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles using Chenopodium album leaf extract. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 369:27–33. doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.07.020
Edison TNJI, Lee YR, Sethuraman MG (2016) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Terminalia cuneata and its catalytic action in reduction of direct yellow-12 dye. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 161:122–129. doi:10.1016/j.saa.2016.02.044
Fang J, Yu L, Gao P, Cai Y, Wei Y (2010) Detection of protein-DNA interaction and regulation using gold nanoparticles. Anal Biochem 339:262–267. doi:10.1016/j.ab.2009.11.013
Geetha R, Ashokkumar T, Tamilselvan S, Govindaraju K, Sadiq M, Singaravelu G (2013) Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles and their anticancer activity. Cancer Nano 4:91–98. doi:10.1007/s12645-013-0040-9
Ghaffari-Moghaddam M, Hadi-Dabanlou R (2014) Plant mediated green synthesis and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles using Crataegus douglasii fruit extract. J Ind Eng Chem 20:739–744. doi:10.1016/j.jiec.2013.09.005
Gong N, Chen S, Jin S, Zhang J, Wang PC, Liang X-J (2015) Effect of the physicochemical properties of gold nanostructures on cellular internalization. Regenerative Biomaterials 2:273–280. doi:10.1093/rb/rbv024
Goodsell DS (2004) Bionanomedicines in action. In: Bionanotechnology: lessons from nature. Wiley, Hoboken
Gopinath V, Priyadarshini S, MubarakAli D, Loke MF, Thajuddin N, Alharbi NS, Yadavalli T, Alagiri M, Vadivelu J (2016) Anti-Helicobacter pylori, cytotoxicity and catalytic activity of biosynthesized gold nanoparticles: multifaceted application. Arab J Chem. doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2016.02.005
Govindarajan M, Rajeswary M, Veerakumar K, Muthukumaran U, Hoti SL, Benelli G (2016) Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles fabricated using Anisomeles indica: mosquitocidal potential against malaria, dengue and Japanese encephalitis vectors. Exp Parasitol 161:40–47. doi:10.1061/j.exppara.2015.12.011
Holt KB, Brad AJ (2005) Interaction of silver (I) ions with the respiratory chain of Escherichia coli: an electrochemical and scanning electrochemical microscopy study of the antimicrobial mechanism of micromolar Ag+. Biochemist 44:13214–13223. doi:10.1021/bi0508542
Hoshyar R, Khayati GR, Poorgholami M, Kaykhaii M (2016) A novel green one-step synthesis of gold nanoparticles using crocin and their anti-cancer activities. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol 159:237–242. doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.03.056
Iravani S (2011) Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plants. Green Chem 13:2638–2650. doi:10.1039/clgc15386b
Iravani S, Korbekandi, Mirmohammadi SV, Zolfaqhari (2014) Synthesis of silver nanoparticles: chemical, physical and biological methods. Res Pharm Sci 9(6):385–406
Islam NU, Jalil K, Shahid M, Rauf A, Muhammad N, Khan A, Shah MR, Khan MA (2015) Green synthesis and biological activities of gold nanoparticles functionalized with Salix alba. Arab J Chem. doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.06.025
Jayaraj M, Arun R, Sathishkumar G, MubarakAli D, Rajesh M, Sivanandhan G, Kapildev G, Manickavasagam M, Thajuddin N, Ganapathi A (2014) An evidence on G2/M arrest, DNA damage and caspase mediated apoptotic effect of biosynthesized gold nanoparticles on human cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa). Mater Res Bull 52:15–24. doi:10.1016/j.materresbull.2013.12.060
Kalaiyarasu T, Karthi N, Sharmila GV, Manju V (2016) In vitro assessment of antioxidant and antibacterial activity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles from Digitaria radicosa leaves. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 9:297–302
Kayalvizhi T, Ravikumar S, Venkatachalam P (2016) Green synthesis of metallic silver nanoparticles using Curculigo orchioides rhizome extracts and evaluation of its antibacterial, larvicidal, and anticancer activity. J Environ Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0001098
Khademi-Azandehi P, Moghaddam J (2015) Green synthesis, characterization and physiological stability of gold nanoparticles from Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl extract. Particuology 19:22–26. doi:10.1016/j.partic.2014.04.007
Kharat SN, Mendhulkar VD (2016) Synthesis, characterization and studies on antioxidant activity of silver nanoparticles using Elephantopus scaber leaf extract. Mater Sci Eng C 62:719–724. doi:10.1016/j.msec.2016.02.024
Kheradmand E, Rafii F, Yazdi MH, Sepahi AA, Shahverdi AR, Oveisi MR (2014) The antimicrobial effect of selenium nanoparticle-enriched probiotics and their fermented broth against Candida albicans. DARU J Pharmac Sci 22:48. doi:10.1186/2008-2231-22-48
Kim JS, Kuk E, Yu KN, Kim J-H, Park SJ, Lee HJ, Kim SH, Park YK, Park YH, Hwang C-Y, Kim Y-K, Lee Y-S, Jeong DH, Cho M-H (2007) Antimicrobial effect of silver nanoparticles. Nanomedicine: NBM 3:95–101. doi:10.1016/j.nano.2006.12.001
Klekotko M, Matczyszyn K, Siednienko J, Olesiak-Banska J, Pawlik K, Samoc M (2015) Bio-mediated synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity of gold nanoparticles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 17:29014–29019. doi:10.1039/c5cp01619c
Koperuncholan M (2015) Bioreduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (GNPs): a special empathies of pharmacological activity. Int J Phytopharm 5(4):72–80. doi:10.7439/ijpp.v5i4.2503
Krithiga N, Rajalakshmi A, Jayachitra A (2015) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using leaf extracts of Clitoria ternatea and Solanum nigrum and study of its antibacterial effect against common nosocomial pathogens. J Nanosci. doi:10.1155/2015/928204
Kumar B, Smita K, Cumbal L, Debut A (2015) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Andean blackberry fruit extract. Saudi J Biol Sci. doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.09.006
Kumar B, Smita K, Cumbal L, Camacho J, Elisabeth HG, Chavez-Lopez MDG, Grijalva M, Andrade K (2016) One pot phytosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using Genipa americana fruit extract and its biological applications. Mater Sci Eng C 62:725–731. doi:10.1016/j.msec.2016.02.029
Kuppusamy P, Yusoff MM, Maniam GP, Govindan N (2015b) Biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles using plant derivatives and their new avenues in pharmacological applications—an updated report. Saudi Pharm J 24:473–484. doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2014.11.013
Kuppusamy P, Ichwan SJA, Parine NR, Yusoff MM, Maniam GP, Govindan N (2015a) Intracellular biosynthesis of Au and Ag nanoparticles using ethanolic extract of Brassica oleracea L. and studies on their physicochemical and biological properties. J Environ Sci 29:151–157. doi:10.1016/j.jes.2014.06.050
Lee SY, Krishnamurthy S, Cho CW, Yun YS (2016) Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using Ocimum sanctum extracts by solvent with different polarity. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 4:2651–2659. doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b00161
Li X, Xu H, Chen ZS, Chen G (2011) Biosynthesis of nanoparticles by microorganism and their applications. J Nanomater. doi:10.1155/2011/270974
Malik P, Shankar R, Malik V, Sharma N, Mukherjee TK (2014) Green chemistry based benign routes for nanoparticle synthesis. Journal of Nanoparticles. doi:10.1155/2014/302429
Mata R, Nakkala JR, Sadras SR (2016) Polyphenol stabilized colloidal gold nanoparticles from Abutilon indicum leaf extract induces apoptosis in HT-29 colon cancer cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 143:499–510. doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.03.069
Mishra P, Ray S, Sinha S, Das B, Khan MI, Behera SK, Yun SI, Tripathy SK, Mishra A (2016) Facile bio-synthesis of nanoparticles by using extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa and evaluation of its cytotoxicity against U87 glioblastoma cells under hyperglycemic condition. Biochem Eng J 105:264–272. doi:10.1016/j.bej.2015.09.021
Mittal AK, Chisti Y, Banerjee UC (2013) Synthesis of metallic nanoparticles using plant extracts. Biotechnol Adv 31:346–356. doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.01.003
Mody VV, Siwale R, Singh A, Mody HR (2010) Introduction to metallic nanoparticles. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2:282–289. doi:10.4103/0975-7406.72127
Mohammadi S, Pourseyedi S, Amini A (2016) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles with a long lasting stability using colloidal solution of cowpea seeds (Vigna sp. L). J Environ Chem Eng 4(2):2023–2032. doi:10.1016/j.jece.2016.03.026
Mohanpuria P, Rana NK, Yadav SK (2008) Biosynthesis of nanoparticles: technological concepts and future applications. J Nanopart Res 10:507–517. doi:10.1007/s11051-007-9275-x
Mohapatra B, Kuriakose S, Mohapatra S (2015) Rapid green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and nanorods using Piper nigrum extract. J Alloys Compd 637:119–126. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.02.0206
MubarakAli D, Thajuddin N, Jeganathan K, Gunasekaran M (2011) Plant extract mediated synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles and its antibacterial activity against clinically isolated pathogens. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 85:360–365. doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.03.009
Mukherjee P, Ahmed A, Mandal D, Senapati S, Sainkar SR, Khan MI, Parishcha R, Ajaykumar PV, Alam M, Kumar R, Sastry M (2001) Fungus-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their immobilization in the mycelia matrix: a novel biological approach to nanoparticle synthesis. Nano Lett 1:515–519. doi:10.1021/nl0155274
Muthukumar T, Sudhakumari SB, Aravinthan A, Sastry TP, Kim JH (2016) Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles and their enhanced synergistic antitumor activity using HepG2 and MCF7 cells and its antibacterial effects. Process Biochem 51:384–391. doi:10.1016/j.procbio.2015.12.017
Nakkala JR, Bhagat E, Suchiang K, Sadras SR (2015) Comparative study of antioxidant and catalytic activity of silver and gold nanoparticles synthesized from Costus pictus leaf extract. J Mater Sci Technol 31:986–994. doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2015.07.002
Nakkala JR, Mata R, Sadras SR (2016) The antioxidant and catalytic activities of green synthesized gold nanoparticles from Piper longum fruit extract. Process Saf Environ Prot 100:288–294. doi:10.1016/j.psep.2016.02.007
Nam G, Rangasamy S, Purushothaman B, Song JM (2015) The application of bactericidal silver nanoparticles in wound treatment. Nanomater Nanotechno 1:5–23. doi:10.5772/60918
Naraginti S, Kumari PL, Das RK, Sivakumar A, Patil SH, Andhalkar VV (2016) Amelioration of excision wounds by topical application of green synthesized, formulated silver and gold nanoparticles in albino Wistar rats. Mater Sci Eng C 62:293–300. doi:10.1016/j.msec.2016.01.069
Nayak D, Ashe S, Rauta PR, Kumari M, Nayak B (2016) Bark extract mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: evaluation of antimicrobial activity and antiproliferative response against osteosarcomas. Mater Sci Eng C 58:44–52. doi:10.1016/j.msec.2015.08.022
Ninganagouda S, Rathod V, Singh D, Hiremath J, Singh AK, Mathew J, Ul-Haq M (2014) Growth kinetics and mechanistic action of reactive oxygen species released by silver nanoparticles from Aspergillus niger on Escherichia coli. Biomed Res Int. doi:10.1155/2014/753419
Pal S, Tak YK, Song JM (2007) Does the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles depend on the shape of the nanoparticles? A study of the gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol 73:1712–1720. doi:10.1128/AEM.02218-06
Pan Y, Neuss S, Leifert A, Fischler M, Wen F, Simon U, Schmid G, Brandau W, Jahnen-Dechent W (2007) Size-dependent cytotoxicity of gold nanoparticles. Small 3:1941–1949. doi:10.1002/smll.200700378
Parida UK, Biswal SK, Bindhani BK (2014) Green synthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles: study of its biological mechanism in human SUDHL-4 cell line. Adv Biol Chem 4:360–375. doi:10.4236/abc.2014.46041
Park Y, Hong YN, Weyers A, Kim YS, Linhardt RJ (2011) Polysaccharides and phytochemicals: a natural reservoir for the green synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles. IET Nanobiotechnol 5(3):69–78. doi:10.1049/iet-nbt.2010.0033
Patil MP, Ngabire D, Thi HHP, Kim M-D, Kim G-D (2016a) Eco-friendly synthesis of gold nanoparticles and evaluation of their cytotoxic activity on cancer cells. J Clust Sci. doi:10.1007/s10876-016-1051-6
Patil MP, Rokade AA, Ngabire D, Kim G-D (2016b) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using water extract from galls of Rhus chinensis and its antibacterial activity. J Clust Sci 27(5):1737–1750. doi:10.1007/s10876-016-1037-4
Patil SV, Borase HP, Patil CD, Salunke BK (2012) Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using latex from few Euphorbian plants and their antimicrobial potential. Appl Biochem Biotech 167:776–790. doi:10.1007/s12010-012-9710-z
Patra S, Mukherjee S, Barui AK, Ganguly A, Sreedhar B, Patra CR (2015) Green synthesis, characterization of gold and silver nanoparticles and their potential application for cancer therapeutics. Mater Sci Eng C 53:298–309. doi:10.1016/j.msec.2015.04.048
Paul B, Bhuyan B, Purkayastha DD, Dhar SS (2016) Photocatalytic and antibacterial activities of gold and silver nanoparticles synthesized using biomass of Parkia roxburghii leaf. J Photochem Photobiol B 154:1–7. doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.11.004
Perez J, Bax L, Escolano C (2005) Roadmap report on nanoparticles. Willems & Van Den Wildenberg, Barcelona http://nanoparticles.org/pdf/PerezBaxEscolano.pdf
Philip D, Unni C (2011) Extracellular biosynthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles using Krishna tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) leaf. Phys E 43:1318–1322. doi:10.1016/j.physe.2010.10.006
Phull A-R, Abbas Q, Ali A, Raza H, Kim SJ, Zia M, Haq I-U (2016) Antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of green synthesized silver nanoparticles from crude extract of Bergenia ciliata. Future J Pharmac Sci 2(1):31–36. doi:10.1016/j.fjps.2016.03.001
Poinern GEJ (2014) A laboratory course in nanoscience and nanotechnology, 1st edn. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton
Prabu HJ, Johnson I (2015) Plant-mediated biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles by leaf extracts of Tragia involucrata, Cymbopogon citronella, Solanum verbascifolium and Tylophora ovata. Karbala Int J Mod Sci 1:237–246. doi:10.1016/j.kijoms.2015.12.003
Pugazhendhi S, Sathya P, Palanisamy PK, Gopalakrishnan R (2016) Synthesis of silver nanoparticles through green approach using Dioscorea alata and their characterization on antimicrobial activities and optical limiting behavior. J Photochem Photobiol B 159:155–160. doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.03.043
Radzig MA, Nadtochenko VA, Koksharova OA, Kiwi J, Lipasova VA, Khmel IA (2013) Antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles on gram negative bacteria: influence on the growth and biofilms formation, mechanism of action. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 102:300–306. doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.07.039
Raghunandan D, Ravishankar B, Sharanbasava G, Mahesh DB, Harsoor V, Yalagatti MS, Bhagawanraju M, Venkataraman A (2011) Anti-cancer studies of noble metal nanoparticles synthesized using different plant extracts. Cancer Nanotechnol 2:57–65. doi:10.1007/s12645-011-0014-8
Rai MK, Deshmukh SD, Ingle AP, Gade AK (2012) Silver nanoparticles: the powerful nanoweapon against multidrug-resistant bacteria. J Appl Microbiol 112:841–852. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05253.x
Rajkuberan C, Prabukumar S, Sathishkumar G, Wilson A, Ravindran K, Sivaramakrishnan S (2016) Facile synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Euphorbia antiquorum L. latex extract and evaluation of their biomedical perspectives as anticancer agents. J Saudi Chem Soc. doi:10.1016/j.jscs.2016.01.002
Ramesh PS, Kokila T, Geetha D (2015) Plant mediated green synthesis and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles using Emblica officinalis fruit extract. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 142:339–343. doi:10.1016/j.saa.2015.01.062
Ramyadevi J, Jayasubramanian K, Marikani A, Rajakumar G, Rahuman AA (2012) Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of copper nanoparticles. Mater Lett 71:114–116. doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2011.12.055
Rao NH, Lakshmidevi N, Pammi SVN, Kollu P, Ganapaty S, Lakshmi P (2016) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using methanolic root extracts of Diospyros paniculata and their antimicrobial activities. Mater Sci Eng C 62:553–557. doi:10.1016/j.mesc.2016.01.072
Raveendran P, Fu J, Wallen SL (2003) Completely “green” synthesis and stabilization of metal nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 125:13940–13941. doi:10.1021/ja029267j
Sadeghi B, Gholamhoseinpoor F (2015) A study on the stability and green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Ziziphora tenuior (Zt) extract at room temperature. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 134:310–315. doi:10.1016/j.saa.2014.06.046
Saini P, Saha SK, Roy P, Chowdhury P, Babu SPS (2016) Evidence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated apoptosis in Setaria cervi induced by green silver nanoparticles from Acacia auriculiformis at a very low dose. Exp Parasitol 160:39–48. doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2015.11.004
Sathishkumar G, Jha PK, Vignesh V, Rajkuberan C, Jeyaraj M, Selvakumar M, Jha R, Sivaramakrishnan S (2016) Cannonball fruit (Couroupita guianensis, Aubl.) extract mediated synthesis of gold nanoparticles and evaluation of its antioxidant activity. J Mol Liq 215:229–236. doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2015.12.043
Selvam K, Sudhakar C, Govarthanan M, Thiyagarajan P, Sengottaiyan A, Senthikumar B, Selvankumar T (2016) Eco-friendly biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb.) Miers and evaluate its antibacterial, antioxidant potential. J Radiat Res Appl Sci. doi:10.1016/j.jrras.2016.02.005
Seth D, Choudhury SR, Pradhan S, Gupta S, Palit D, Das S, Debnath N, Goswami A (2011) Nature inspired novel drug design paradigm using nanosilver: efficacy on multi-drug-resistant clinical isolates of tuberculosis. Curr Microbiol 62:715–726. doi:10.1007/s00284-010-9770-7
Shah M, Fawcett D, Sharma S, Tripathy SK, Poinern GEJ (2015) Green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles via biological entities. Materials 8:7278–7308. doi:10.3390/ma8115377
Shankar S, Jaiswal L, Aparna RSL, Prasad RGSV (2014) Synthesis, characterization, in vitro biocompatibility, and antimicrobial activity of gold, silver and gold silver alloy nanoparticles prepared from Lansium domesticum fruit peel extract. Mater Lett 137:75–78. doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2014.08.122
Singh AK, Srivastava ON (2015) One-step green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using black cardamom and effect of pH on its synthesis. Nanoscale Res Lett 10:353. doi:10.1186/s11671-015-1055-4
Sirelkhatim A, Mahmud S, Seeni A, Kaus NHM, Ann LC, Bakhori SKM, Hasan H, Mohamad D (2015) Review on zinc oxide nanoparticles: antibacterial activity and toxicity mechanism. Nano-Micro Lett 7(3):219–242. doi:10.1007/s40820-015-0040-x
Soni N, Prakash S (2014) Green nanoparticles for mosquito control. Sci World J 2014:1–6. doi:10.1155/2014/496362
Sudhakar C, Selvam K, Govarthanan M, Senthilkumar B, Sengottaiyan A, Stalin M, Selvankumar T (2015) Acorus calamus rhizome extract mediated biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and their bactericidal activity against human pathogens. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 13:93–99. doi:10.1016/j.jgeb.2015.10.003
Tahir K, Nazir S, Li B, Khan AU, Khan ZUH, Gong PY, Khan SU, Ahmed A (2015) Nerium oleander leaves extract mediated synthesis of gold nanoparticles and its antioxidant activity. Mater Lett 156:198–201. doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2015.05.062
Tiloke C, Phulukdaree A, Anand K, Gengan RM, Chuturgoon AA (2016) Moringa oleifera gold nanoparticles modulate oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and caspase-9 splice variants in A549 cells. J Cell Biochem 117:2302–2314. doi:10.1002/jcb.25528
Tomaszewska E, Soliwoda K, Kadziola K, Tkacz-Szczesna B, Celichowski G, Cichomski M, Szmaja W, Grobelny J (2013) Detection limits of DLS and UV-Vis spectroscopy in characterization of polydispersed nanoparticles colloids. J Nanomater. doi:10.1155/2013/313081
Velusamy P, Das J, Pachaiappan R, Vaseeharan B, Pandian K (2015) Greener approach for synthesis of antibacterial silver nanoparticles using aqueous solution of neem gum (Azadirachta indica L.). Ind Crop Prod 66:103–109. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.12.042
Verma DK, Hasan SH, Banik RM (2016) Photo-catalyzed and phyto-mediated rapid green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using herbal extract of Salvinia molesta and its antimicrobial efficacy. J Photochem Photobiol B 155:51–59. doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.12.008
Yang N, Li W-H (2013) Mango peel extract mediated novel route for synthesis of silver nanoparticles and antibacterial application of silver nanoparticles loaded onto non-woven fabrics. Ind Crop Prod 48:81–88. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.04.001
Yu J, Xu D, Guan HN, Wang C, Huang LK, Chi DF (2016) Facile one-step green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Citrus maxima aqueous extracts and its catalytic activity. Mater Lett 166:110–112. doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2015.12.031
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
This article does not contain any study with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. All authors were involved in writing and have approved the submission of this manuscript.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Patil, M.P., Kim, GD. Eco-friendly approach for nanoparticles synthesis and mechanism behind antibacterial activity of silver and anticancer activity of gold nanoparticles. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 101, 79–92 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-016-8012-8
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-016-8012-8