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Biotechnological processes for biodiesel production using alternative oils

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Abstract

As biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester (FAME)) is mainly produced from edible vegetable oils, crop soils are used for its production, increasing deforestation and producing a fuel more expensive than diesel. The use of waste lipids such as waste frying oils, waste fats, and soapstock has been proposed as low-cost alternative feedstocks. Non-edible oils such as jatropha, pongamia, and rubber seed oil are also economically attractive. In addition, microalgae, bacteria, yeast, and fungi with 20% or higher lipid content are oleaginous microorganisms known as single cell oil and have been proposed as feedstocks for FAME production. Alternative feedstocks are characterized by their elevated acid value due to the high level of free fatty acid (FFA) content, causing undesirable saponification reactions when an alkaline catalyst is used in the transesterification reaction. The production of soap consumes the conventional catalyst, diminishing FAME production yield and simultaneously preventing the effective separation of the produced FAME from the glycerin phase. These problems could be solved using biological catalysts, such as lipases or whole-cell catalysts, avoiding soap production as the FFAs are esterified to FAME. In addition, by-product glycerol can be easily recovered, and the purification of FAME is simplified using biological catalysts.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Chilean PBCT-CONICYT project TPI-16, FONDECYT project 1090382, and CONICYT project 79090009.

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  1. Núcleo Científico Tecnológico en Biorrecursos, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile

    Laura Azócar, Gustavo Ciudad & Rodrigo Navia

  2. Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany

    Hermann J. Heipieper

  3. Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile

    Rodrigo Navia

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  1. Laura Azócar
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Correspondence to Rodrigo Navia.

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Azócar, L., Ciudad, G., Heipieper, H.J. et al. Biotechnological processes for biodiesel production using alternative oils. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 88, 621–636 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-010-2804-z

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