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Domestication does not narrow MHC diversity in Sus scrofa

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Abstract

The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a multigene family of outstanding polymorphism. MHC molecules bind antigenic peptides in the peptide-binding region (PBR) that consists of five binding pockets (P). In this study, we compared the genetic diversity of domestic pigs to that of the modern representatives of their wild ancestors, the wild boar, in two MHC loci, the oligomorphic DQA and the polymorphic DRB1. MHC nucleotide polymorphism was compared with the actual functional polymorphism in the PBR and the binding pockets P1, P4, P6, P7, and P9. The analysis of approximately 200 wild boars collected throughout Europe and 120 domestic pigs from four breeds (three pureblood, Pietrain, Leicoma, and Landrace, and one mixed Danbred) revealed that wild boars and domestic pigs share the same levels of nucleotide and amino acid polymorphism, allelic richness, and heterozygosity. Domestication did not appear to act as a bottleneck that would narrow MHC diversity. Although the pattern of polymorphism was uniform between the two loci, the magnitude of polymorphism was different. For both loci, most of the polymorphism was located in the PBR region and the presence of positive selection was supported by a statistically significant excess of nonsynonymous substitutions over synonymous substitutions in the PBR. P4 and P6 were the most polymorphic binding pockets. Functional polymorphism, i.e., the number and the distribution of pocket variants within and among populations, was significantly narrower than genetic polymorphism, indicative of a hierarchical action of selection pressures on MHC loci.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the hunting associations for their help in collecting samples from all over Greece as well as Dr. Chak-Sum (Sam) Ho, Chair of ISAG/IUIS-VIC SLA Nomenclature Committee for his valuable suggestions in allele assignment. Laboratory work was financed by the Postgraduate Courses “Biotechnology—Quality Assessment in Nutrition and the Environment” and “Applications of Molecular Biology—Genetics—Diagnostic Biomarkers” of the Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Greece.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Cenetics, Evolutionary and Comparative Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos St., 41221, Larissa, Greece

    Katerina A. Moutou, Evagelia A. Koutsogiannouli, Costas Stamatis & Zissis Mamuris

  2. Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Trikalon 224, 43100, Karditsa, Greece

    Charalambos Billinis

  3. Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18190, Dummerstorf, Germany

    Claudia Kalbe

  4. Department of Zoology and Evolutionary Genetics, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 25, 07100, Sassari, Italy

    Massimo Scandura

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  1. Katerina A. Moutou
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Moutou, K.A., Koutsogiannouli, E.A., Stamatis, C. et al. Domestication does not narrow MHC diversity in Sus scrofa . Immunogenetics 65, 195–209 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00251-012-0671-8

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