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Microbial Communities of Stored Product Mites: Variation by Species and Population

  • Invertebrate Microbiology
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Abstract

Arthropod-associated microorganisms are important because they affect host fitness, protect hosts from pathogens, and influence the host’s ability to vector pathogens. Stored product mites (Astigmata) often establish large populations in various types of food items, damaging the food by direct feeding and introducing contaminants, including their own bodies, allergen-containing feces, and associated microorganisms. Here we access the microbial structure and abundance in rearing diets, eggs, feces fraction, and mite bodies of 16 mite populations belonging to three species (Carpoglyphus lactis, Acarus siro, and Tyrophagus putrescentiae) using quantitative PCR and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene amplicon sequencing. The mite microbiomes had a complex structure dominated by the following bacterial taxa (OTUs): (a) intracellular symbionts of the genera Cardinium and Wolbachia in the mite bodies and eggs; (b) putative gut symbionts of the genera Solitalea, Bartonella, and Sodalis abundant in mite bodies and also present in mite feces; (c) feces-associated or environmental bacteria of the genera Bacillus, Staphylococcus, and Kocuria in the diet, mite bodies, and feces. Interestingly and counterintuitively, the differences between microbial communities in various conspecific mite populations were higher than those between different mite species. To explain some of these differences, we hypothesize that the intracellular bacterial symbionts can affect microbiome composition in mite bodies, causing differences between microbial profiles. Microbial profiles differed between various sample types, such as mite eggs, bodies, and the environment (spent growth medium—SPGM). Low bacterial abundances in eggs may result in stochastic effects in parent-offspring microbial transmission, except for the intracellular symbionts. Bacteria in the rearing diet had little effect on the microbial community structure in SPGM and mite bodies. Mite fitness was positively correlated with bacterial abundance in SPGM and negatively correlated with bacterial abundances in mite bodies. Our study demonstrates critical host-microbe interactions, affecting all stages of mite growth and leading to alteration of the environmental microbiome. Correlational evidence based on absolute quantitation of bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies suggests that mite-associated microorganisms are critical for modulating important pest properties of mites by altering population growth.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Martin Markovic for the help with manuscript formatting and Marie Bostlova and Natalie Hubertova for the valuable technical help.

Funding

JH and MN were supported by the Czech Science Foundation (GACR, grant no. GA19-09998S). PBK was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 19-14-00004.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, CZ-161 06, Prague 6-Ruzyne, Czechia

    Jan Hubert & Marta Nesvorna

  2. Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, CZ-165 21, Prague 6-Suchdol, Czechia

    Jan Hubert

  3. Genome Research Core, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA

    Stefan J. Green

  4. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 3600 Varsity Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA

    Pavel B. Klimov

  5. Institute of Biology, University of Tyumen, Pirogova 3, 625043, Tyumen, Russia

    Pavel B. Klimov

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Hubert, J., Nesvorna, M., Green, S.J. et al. Microbial Communities of Stored Product Mites: Variation by Species and Population. Microb Ecol 81, 506–522 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-020-01581-y

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