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Bacterial and Fungal Midgut Community Dynamics and Transfer Between Mother and Brood in the Asian Longhorned Beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis), an Invasive Xylophage

  • Invertebrate Microbiology
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Abstract

Microbial symbionts play pivotal roles in the ecology and physiology of insects feeding in woody plants. Both eukaryotic and bacterial members occur in these systems where they facilitate digestive and nutrient provisioning. The larval gut of the Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis) is associated with a microbial consortium that fulfills these metabolic roles. While members of the community vary in presence and abundance among individuals from different hosts, A. glabripennis is consistently associated with a fungus in the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC). We used amplicon sequencing, taxon-specific PCR, culturing, and imaging to determine how bacterial and fungal communities differ between life stages and possible modes of symbiont transfer. The bacterial and fungal communities of adult guts were more diverse than those from larvae and eggs. The communities of larvae and eggs were more similar to those from oviposition sites than from adult female guts. FSSC isolates were not detected in the reproductive tissues of adult females, but were consistently detected on egg surfaces after oviposition and in frass. These results demonstrate that frass can serve as a vehicle of transmission of a subset for the beetle gut microbiota. Vertically transmitted symbionts are often beneficial to their host, warranting subsequent functional studies.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank David Long and Francine McCullough for the A. glabripennis colony maintenance and Cristina Rosa for the qPCR machine access. We would also like to thank Jon Cantolina at the PSU Microscopy and Cytometry Facility for the assistance in image collection. Funding was provided by USDA-NIFA Grant 2015-67013-23287 and the Alphawood Foundation. This manuscript was improved by constructive comments from two anonymous referees. The US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer, and all agency services are available without discrimination. Mention of commercial products and organizations in this manuscript is solely to provide specific information. It does not constitute endorsement by USDA-ARS over other products and organizations not mentioned.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Entomology and Center for Chemical Ecology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, 16823, USA

    Charles J. Mason, Alexander M. Campbell & Kelli Hoover

  2. Stored Product Insect and Engineering Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA

    Erin D. Scully

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  1. Charles J. Mason
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Correspondence to Charles J. Mason.

Electronic Supplementary Material

Supplemental Fig 1:

qPCR of FSSC in A. glabripennis adults guts, adult frass, oviposition excretions, and larval guts. Eggs were not included due to poor amplification of beetle housekeeper. (EPS 92 kb)

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Supplemental Fig 2:

Comparison of culturable microbial titers present in adult female A. glabripennis frass and phloem. Adjacent to oviposition pit. (EPS 55 kb)

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Supplemental Fig 3:

Assessment of FSSC primer specificity with cultivatable fungi. (PDF 365 kb)

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Mason, C.J., Campbell, A.M., Scully, E.D. et al. Bacterial and Fungal Midgut Community Dynamics and Transfer Between Mother and Brood in the Asian Longhorned Beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis), an Invasive Xylophage. Microb Ecol 77, 230–242 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-018-1205-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-018-1205-1

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