Abstract
An obligately anaerobic, rod-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacterial strain; designated as CtC72T was isolated from the rumen of cattle. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of less than 98.65% revealed the strain as a member of the genus Actinomyces, nearest to but distinct from Actinomyces qiguomingii DSM 106201T, Actinomyces ruminicola DSM 27982T, Actinomyces procaprae JCM 33484T, Actinomyces succiniciruminis TISTR 2317, Actinomyces glycerinitolerans TISTR 2318. The low values of digital DNA-DNA hybridization (< 70%) and average nucleotide identity (< 95%) further highlighted the distinctive nature of strain CtC72T from its closest relatives. The strain CtC72T could grow at temperatures between 30 and 50 °C (optimum 40 °C), pH between 6.0 and 9.0 (optimum 7.5–8.0), and NaCl between 0 and 1.5% (optimum 0%). The strain hydrolysed cellulose and xylan and utilised a range of mono-, di-, and oligo-saccharides as a source of carbon and energy. Glucose fermentation resulted in acetic acid and formic acid as major metabolic products, while propionic acid, lactic acid, and ethanol as minor products along with CO2 production. The DNA G + C content of strain CtC72T was 68.40 (mol%, Tm) and 68.05 (%, digital). Major cellular fatty acids (> 10%) were C16:0, C18:1 ω9c, and C18:1 ω9c DMA. Based on these data, we propose that strain CtC72T be classified as a novel species, Actinomyces ruminis sp. nov., under the genus Actinomyces. The type strain is CtC72T (= KCTC 15726T = JCM 32641T = MCC 3500T).
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Data availability
All the data generated in this study have been included in this published article and its supplementary information files. The 16S rRNA gene and the whole genome sequences of strain CtC72T have been deposited in the GenBank database with the accession numbers KX553980 and NZ_MTPX00000000, respectively.
Abbreviations
- AAI:
-
Average amino acid identity
- ANI:
-
Average nucleotide identity
- dDDH:
-
Digital DNA-DNA hybridization
- DMA:
-
Dimethyl acetals
- ML:
-
Maximum likelihood
- PYGR:
-
Peptone Yeast Glucose Rumen fluid
- T m :
-
Melting temperature
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank Professor Bernhard Schink and Dr Monali Rahalkar for their assistance with nomenclature. The authors acknowledge the support of the Director, Agharkar Research Institute, for providing the necessary infrastructure.
Funding
The work was supported by an institutional research grant (MIC 32). The Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB) sponsored project (YSS/2015/000718) based on Junior Research Fellowship to SSH is acknowledged.
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SSD and PKD conceived the project and designed the experiments. VBL, SSH and AJ conducted the experiments. SSH and GV performed the genomic analysis. VBL, SSH, GV and SSD analysed the data and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. PKD and SSD revised the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
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Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt.
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The GenBank accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of CtC72T is KX553980. Additionally, the accession number for the whole genome sequence of the strain CtC72T is NZ_MTPX02000000 (assembly accession number: GCA_002154335.2). Contents Category: New Taxa (Actinobacteria).
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Lanjekar, V.B., Hivarkar, S.S., Vasudevan, G. et al. Actinomyces ruminis sp. nov., an obligately anaerobic bacterium isolated from the rumen of cattle. Arch Microbiol 205, 9 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-022-03339-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-022-03339-1