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Estimation of antenna phase center offsets for BDS-3 satellites with the metadata and receiver antenna calibrations

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Abstract

Accurate satellite phase center offsets (PCOs) are essential for GNSS data processing, and their calibration before launch and estimation in orbit have been crucial tasks since decades. However, for the third-generation BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS-3), the results in most recent studies are derived from precise orbit determination (POD) by wholly or partly employing GPS L1/L2 antenna calibrations for receivers and the adjustable box-wing model for solar radiation pressure (SRP) modeling. Since the strategy usages are different, the estimated BDS-3 PCOs are also varied from studies. With the help of BDS-3 satellite metadata and the receiver antenna calibration of BDS signals, this study estimated BDS-3 satellite PCOs in orbit with long-term data. The results show that the X-offset estimated using the empirical SRP model with the BDS-3 metadata is the most stable. Further analyses of PCO estimation using GPS and BDS receiver antenna calibrations for BDS signals show that the Z-offset is strongly affected by the receiver antenna calibration model types. The correlation can be approximately determined by giving a change to receiver antenna calibration and expressed as: A network averaged bias in the Up-direction of receiver antenna results in a − 22.7 times change of MEO Z-offset for single BDS-3 POD as well as − 28.6 for the joint processing with GPS. This is consistent with the result derived from other studies although different method was applied. Therefore, receiver antenna calibrations need to be carried out precisely. Validation experiments are carried out for comparison between the manufacture and the newly SHAPCO models. Compared with the manufacture model, the average improvement of the root mean square of the overlapping orbit differences is close to 3%. Additionally, the experimental station coordinates by static PPP achieve improvements at the rate of 5% and 14% for B1I/B3I and B1C/B2a, respectively.

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Data availability

The IGS GNSS data and broadcast ephemeris can be accessed at https://cddis.nasa.gov/archive/gps/data/. The iGMAS data can be accessed after registration approval at https://gnss.shao.ac.cn/home. The BDS-3 satellites metadata can be obtained at http://www.beidou.gov.cn/yw/gfgg/201912/t20191209_19613.html.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express gratitude to iGMAS, IGS_MGEX. We acknowledge the support of the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Space Navigation and Positioning Techniques. We also thank the help from Ping Zeng, Xiangxiang He, and Yu Huang at Hohai University for providing some helpful comments.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.12073063; 12203090).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China

    Chao Huang, Shuli Song, Qinming Chen, Weili Zhou, Guoqiang Jiao, Hongzhan Zhao & Yuze Yang

  2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

    Chao Huang, Guoqiang Jiao, Hongzhan Zhao & Yuze Yang

  3. School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China

    Lina He

  4. Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunication Technology, Beijing, China

    Wenhai Jiao

Authors
  1. Chao Huang
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  2. Shuli Song
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  3. Lina He
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  4. Qinming Chen
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  5. Wenhai Jiao
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  6. Weili Zhou
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  8. Hongzhan Zhao
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  9. Yuze Yang
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Contributions

SS and WJ proposed the study concept. CH and SS design the research. CH and LH wrote the paper; QC and WZ modified the software and prepared the data. GJ, HZ and YY helped to analyze the effect of receiver antenna calibrations. SS and LH supervised the project and revised the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Shuli Song.

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Huang, C., Song, S., He, L. et al. Estimation of antenna phase center offsets for BDS-3 satellites with the metadata and receiver antenna calibrations. J Geod 97, 57 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-023-01757-7

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