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Blood exposure has a negative effect on engineered cartilage

  • Experimental Study
  • Published:
Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy Aims and scope

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effect of different concentrations of blood on the morphological and biochemical properties of engineered cartilage. Previous studies have demonstrated a negative effect of blood on native cartilage; however, the effect of the contact of blood on engineered cartilage is unclear.

Methods

Articular chondrocytes were isolated from swine joints, expanded in monolayer culture, and seeded onto collagen membranes. The seeded membranes were cultured for 3 days in the presence of different concentrations of peripheral blood. Some samples were retrieved at the end of the blood contact, others after 21 additional days of standard culture conditions, in order to investigate the “long-term effect” of the blood contact.

Results

All seeded samples showed an increase in the weight and an evident cartilage-like matrix production. A concentration-dependent reduction in the mitochondrial activity due to blood contact was shown at the earlier culture time, followed by a partial recover at the longer culture time.

Conclusion

A blood contact of 3 days affected the chondrocytes’ activity and determined a delay in the maturation of the engineered cartilage. These findings have clinical relevance, as autologous chondrocytes seeded onto biological scaffolds has become an established surgical method for articular cartilage repair. Therefore, further investigation into material sciences should be encouraged for the development of scaffold protecting the reparative cells from the blood insult.

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Acknowledgments

This work was done at the Stem Cell Research Institute (SCRI) directed by Professor Giulio Cossu. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Società Italiana Ginocchio Artroscopia Sport Cartilagine e Tecnologie Ortopediche (SIGASCOT; ex SICG), which supported this work and Dr. Claudia Bevilacqua for her precious assistant in the experiment analysis. A special thank is given to the Spaccio Agricolo Agripig and to Dr. Antonio Sorice for their assistance in animal management.

Conflict of interest

None of the Authors have actual or potential conflict of interest in connection with the work presented in the submitted manuscript. No competing financial interests exist.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy

    C. Sosio, G. Fraschini & G. M. Peretti

  2. Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy

    F. Boschetti

  3. Residency Program in Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy

    L. Mangiavini

  4. Residency Program in Orthopaedics and Traumatology I, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

    C. Scotti

  5. Department of Molecular Pathology and Innovative Technologies, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy

    S. Manzotti & A. Gigante

  6. Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA

    M. S. Buragas

  7. Stem Cell Research Institute, DIBIT, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy

    S. Biressi

  8. Faculty of Exercise Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

    G. M. Peretti

  9. Orthopaedic Department, Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy

    G. M. Peretti

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  1. C. Sosio
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  8. G. Fraschini
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  9. A. Gigante
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  10. G. M. Peretti
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Correspondence to G. M. Peretti.

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Sosio, C., Boschetti, F., Mangiavini, L. et al. Blood exposure has a negative effect on engineered cartilage. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 19, 1035–1042 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-010-1296-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-010-1296-9

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